Susie Jones
Novinky a aktualizace • 3 min čtení

Autonomní výsuvy: Rozplétání cesty před námi

Vytvořeno: 16.05.2025

Aktualizováno: 16.05.2025

Autonomní nákladní vozidla - pro někoho odstrašující představa, ale zřejmě budoucnost logistického průmyslu. S technologickým pokrokem v tomto odvětví je vyhlídka na částečně nebo zcela autonomní vozidla, která budou doručovat vaše zboží, vysoká. Podle britské vlády by to mohlo být již v roce 2026, protože v květnu 2024 vstoupil v platnost zákon o automatizovaných vozidlech (AV).

Co se však stane, když se autonomní nákladní vozidlo dostane do nehody? Kdo nese odpovědnost? V tomto blogu se podíváme do světa autonomie, jak by mohla ovlivnit odvětví mobility, kdo nese odpovědnost při nehodách a co si o této změně myslí řidiči.

Jaké jsou různé úrovně automatizace?

Existuje šest úrovní automatizace řízení:

  • Úroveň 0 - žádná automatizace. Všechny úkoly řízení provádí člověk.

  • Úroveň 1 - asistence řidiče. Vozidlo je vybaveno jediným automatickým systémem.

  • Úroveň 2 - částečná automatizace. Vozidlo může provádět řízení a zrychlování. Člověk však stále sleduje všechny úkoly a může kdykoli převzít řízení.

  • Úroveň 3 - Podmíněná automatizace. Vozidlo může provádět většinu jízdních úkonů. Stále je však vyžadováno ovládání člověkem.

  • Úroveň 4 - Vysoká automatizace. Vyžaduje se geografické ohraničení a vozidlo může za určitých okolností provádět všechny úkoly řízení. Možnost ovládání člověkem.

  • Úroveň 5 - Plná automatizace. Vozidlo provádí všechny jízdní úkony za všech podmínek. Není nutná žádná lidská pozornost ani interakce.

Jak fungují autonomní nákladní vozidla?

Senzory, kamery a umělá inteligence umožňují autonomním nákladním vozidlům jezdit samostatně. Pokročilé programy rozhodují místo lidských řidičů.

Problémy, se kterými by se odvětví mohlo potýkat

  • Právní aspekty - Kdo nese odpovědnost při nehodách? Je to řidič, jeho zaměstnavatel nebo údržbářská firma? Tuto otázku rozebíráme níže.

  • Infrastruktura - Naše stávající silnice jsou stavěny pro svět benzinových motorů. Proto je nutné infrastrukturu modernizovat nebo vyměnit, aby podporovala flotily samořízených vozidel, což vyžaduje peníze a značnou politickou vůli.

  • Společenské změny - bude také nutné změnit postoje veřejnosti. Vyhlídka na vozidla s umělou inteligencí je pro mnohé skličující, protože se obávají o bezpečnost, sledování cesty a šedé právní oblasti týkající se dopravních nehod.

  • Bezpečnost - systém, který se spoléhá na digitální sítě, je zranitelnější vůči kybernetickým hrozbám.

Co si řidiči kamionů myslí o autonomních kamionech?

Bezpečnost autonomních kamionů je v tomto odvětví horkým tématem diskusí, přičemž mnozí diskutují o tom, zda je tato technologie na spolehlivé úrovni, aby se dokázala vypořádat s nepředvídatelným počasím a rozpoznat překážky - což řidiče kamionů na stránkách SNAP na sociálních sítích znepokojuje:

"Při sebemenším dešti ztratí můj vůz všechny automatické funkce, AEBS a tempomat. Není možné, aby nákladní auta v dohledné době jezdila sama bez řidiče."

"To způsobí další smrt na silnicích a další fronty. Jen si vzpomeňte, jak spolehlivá je elektronika ve vašem vozidle Euro 6. Stejní lidé vyrábějí autonomní nákladní automobily."

Právní aspekty - kdo je zodpovědný za nehody?

V případě nehody se může odpovědnost přenést mezi řidiče a výrobce. Soud musí určit, zda byla nehoda způsobena technickou závadou, nedostatečnou údržbou nebo chybou řidiče.

Odpovědnost výrobce

Výrobce je odpovědný v následujících případech: - Porucha snímače

  • Závady softwaru

  • Nedostatečná opatření kybernetické bezpečnosti

  • Nedostatečné testování

Odpovědnost řidiče/vozového parku

Řidič autonomního nákladního vozidla může být odpovědný za nehodu, pokud zanedbá nezbytný servis nebo údržbu potřebnou pro správnou funkci vozidla - lze namítnout, že tato odpovědnost může dopadnout i na správce vozového parku.

I přesto panují mezi pracovníky v oblasti mobility určité nejasnosti. Na našich stránkách sociálních médií jsme se zeptali řidičů nákladních vozidel, kdo by podle nich nesl odpovědnost v případě nehody s autonomním vozidlem. Podle 51 % řidičů by byl odpovědný řidič, 37 % navrhovalo výrobce automatizovaných nákladních vozidel a 12 % se domnívalo, že vývojáři softwaru.

Je zřejmé, že než se autonomní nákladní automobily stanou trvalou součástí našich silnic, je třeba, aby se v tomto odvětví více vyjasnilo.

Jak vypadá budoucnost?

Ve své revidované kampani TruckPark of the Future se SNAP zabývá budoucností odvětví mobility. S technologickým pokrokem budou v tomto odvětví hrát významnou roli autonomní vozidla, přičemž je 50% pravděpodobnost, že by stroje mohly v příštích 120 letech převzít všechna lidská pracovní místa.

Jak se však vypořádají s některými z nejnebezpečnějších evropských dálnic?

Řízení nákladního vozidla je víc než jen sezení za volantem - často jde o navigaci v neustále se měnících a nepředvídatelných podmínkách na silnici. Nabízí se otázka, zda by si autonomní nákladní vozidla mohla poradit s některými z nejhorších silnic v Evropě. Na základě své nejnovější kampaně Hazardous Highways identifikoval SNAP nejnebezpečnější evropské silnice, přičemž výsledky ukázaly, že největší obavy vzbuzují Bulharsko, Litva a Česko.

Dalo by se říci, že autonomní nákladní vozidla budou čelit problémům, když se budou snažit pohybovat po některých z těchto silnic bez lidské interakce. Situaci by mohla zkomplikovat omezená přesnost GPS, rušení senzorů a nedostatek konzistentní infrastruktury.

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středa 16 dubna 2025 • Novinky a aktualizace

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Urban areas pose a greater risk for truck drivers due to higher-density traffic, frequent stops, pedestrian activity, and complex road layouts combined with the unpredictability of urban roads makes them more of a hazard for truck drivers. Figures published by the have shown 100 fewer casualties on urban roads in 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 before the 20mph speed limit was enforced in urban areas.The scheme is supported by organisations such as Brake and Cycling UK, and now fleet management specialists are encouraging haulage companies to get behind the scheme. They argue that the shift from 30mph to 20mph will have minimal impact on fleet efficiency and strongly reinforce the idea that it would save lives each year. According to FleetCheck, haulage operators had mixed feelings towards the initiative. 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pondělí 07 dubna 2025 • Novinky a aktualizace

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středa 26 února 2025 • Novinky a aktualizace

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