Susie Jones
Nyheder og opdateringer • 3 min læsning

Selvstyrende tucks: Afklaring af vejen frem

Oprettet: 16.05.2025

Opdateret: 16.05.2025

Selvkørende lastbiler - en skræmmende idé for nogle, men tilsyneladende fremtiden for logistikbranchen. Efterhånden som teknologien udvikler sig i sektoren, er udsigten til at få delvist eller helt selvkørende køretøjer til at levere dine varer stor. Faktisk kan det være så tæt på som i 2026 ifølge den britiske regering, da loven om automatiserede køretøjer (AV) blev vedtaget i maj 2024.

Men hvad sker der, når en selvkørende lastbil kommer ud for en ulykke? Hvem er ansvarlig? I denne blog dykker vi ned i den autonome verden, hvordan den kan påvirke mobilitetssektoren, hvem der er ansvarlig, når der sker ulykker, og hvad chaufførerne synes om ændringen.

Hvad er de forskellige niveauer af automatisering?

Der er seks niveauer af automatisering af kørsel:

  • Niveau 0 - Ingen automatisering. Mennesket udfører alle køreopgaver.

  • Niveau 1 - Førerassistance. Køretøjet har et enkelt automatiseret system.

  • Niveau 2 - Delvis automatisering. Køretøjet kan styre og accelerere. Men et menneske overvåger stadig alle opgaver og kan til enhver tid tage kontrollen.

  • Niveau 3 - Betinget automatisering. Køretøjet kan udføre de fleste køreopgaver. Det er dog stadig nødvendigt med menneskelig styring.

  • Niveau 4 - Høj automatisering. Geofencing er påkrævet, og køretøjet kan udføre alle køreopgaver under særlige omstændigheder. Menneskelig overstyring er en mulighed.

  • Niveau 5 - Fuld automatisering. Køretøjet udfører alle køreopgaver under alle forhold. Der kræves ingen menneskelig opmærksomhed eller interaktion.

Hvordan fungerer selvkørende lastbiler?

Sensorer, kameraer og kunstig intelligens gør det muligt for autonome lastbiler at køre selvstændigt. Avancerede programmer træffer beslutninger i stedet for menneskelige chauffører.

De problemer, branchen kan stå over for

  • Jura - Hvem er ansvarlig, når der sker ulykker? Er det chaufføren, dennes arbejdsgiver eller vedligeholdelsesfirmaet? Det ser vi nærmere på nedenfor.

  • Infrastruktur - Vores eksisterende veje er bygget til en verden med benzinmotorer. Derfor skal infrastrukturen opgraderes eller udskiftes for at understøtte selvkørende køretøjsflåder, hvilket kræver penge og en betydelig mængde politisk vilje.

  • Samfundsmæssige ændringer - Der skal også ske en udvikling i offentlighedens holdninger. Udsigten til AI-køretøjer er skræmmende for mange med bekymringer om sikkerhed, sporing af rejser og de juridiske gråzoner i forbindelse med trafikulykker.

  • Sikkerhed - Et system, der er afhængigt af digitale netværk, bliver mere sårbart over for cybertrusler.

Hvad synes lastbilchauffører om selvkørende lastbiler?

Sikkerheden ved selvkørende lastbiler har været et varmt diskussionsemne i sektoren, og mange diskuterer, om teknologien har en pålidelig standard til at håndtere uforudsigeligt vejr og genkende forhindringer - noget, der bekymrer lastbilchaufførerne på SNAP's sociale medier:

"Ved den mindste smule regn mister min lastbil alle automatiske funktioner, AEBS og fartpilot. Der er ingen chance for, at lastbiler snart får lov til at køre af sig selv uden en chauffør."

"Det vil dræbe flere mennesker på vejene og skabe flere køer. Tænk bare på, hvor pålidelig din elektronik er i dit Euro 6-køretøj. Det er de samme mennesker, der laver selvkørende lastbiler."

Jura - hvem har ansvaret, når der sker en ulykke?

I tilfælde af en ulykke kan ansvaret skifte mellem føreren og producenten. Retten skal afgøre, om en ulykke skyldes en teknisk fejl, utilstrækkelig vedligeholdelse eller en førerfejl.

Producentens ansvar

En producent bliver ansvarlig i følgende tilfælde: - Funktionsfejl i sensoren

  • Fejl i softwaren

  • Utilstrækkelige cybersikkerhedsforanstaltninger

  • Utilstrækkelig testning

Ansvar for chauffør/flåde

En fører af en selvkørende lastbil kan være ansvarlig for en ulykke, hvis han forsømmer den nødvendige service eller vedligeholdelse, der kræves for, at køretøjet kan fungere korrekt - man kan argumentere for, at dette ansvar også kan påhvile flådechefer.

På trods af dette er der stadig en vis forvirring i mobilitetssektoren. Vi spurgte lastbilchauffører på vores [sociale medier] (https://www.facebook.com/snapaccount?locale=en_GB), hvem de tror, der vil blive holdt ansvarlig i tilfælde af en ulykke med et selvkørende køretøj. 51 % af chaufførerne mente, at føreren ville være ansvarlig, 37 % foreslog producenter af selvkørende lastbiler, og 12 % mente, at det var softwareudviklere.

Det er tydeligt, at der er brug for mere afklaring blandt aktørerne i sektoren, før selvkørende lastbiler bliver en fast bestanddel af vores veje.

Hvordan ser fremtiden ud?

I deres reviderede [TruckPark of the Future]-kampagne (https://snapacc.com/truckpark-2049/) ser SNAP på fremtiden for mobilitetssektoren. Efterhånden som teknologien udvikler sig, vil selvkørende køretøjer spille en vigtig rolle i branchen, og der er 50 % chance for, at maskiner kan overtage alle menneskelige job i løbet af de næste 120 år.

Men hvordan vil de håndtere nogle af Europas farligste motorveje?

Lastbilkørsel er mere end bare at sidde bag rattet - det handler ofte om at navigere i stadigt skiftende og uforudsigelige vejforhold. Det rejser spørgsmålet, om selvkørende lastbiler kan klare nogle af de dårligste veje i Europa. I deres seneste kampagne, [Hazardous Highways] (https://snapacc.com/hazardous-highways/), identificerede SNAP Europas farligste veje, og resultaterne viste, at Bulgarien, Litauen og Tjekkiet var de mest bekymrende.

Man kan argumentere for, at selvkørende lastbiler vil møde udfordringer, når de forsøger at navigere på nogle af disse veje uden menneskelig indblanding. Begrænset GPS-nøjagtighed, sensorinterferens og mangel på ensartet infrastruktur kan komplicere tingene.

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