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Новини и актуализации • 3 мин. четене

Полша ускорява прехода към превози с нулеви емисии

Създаден: 25.11.2025

Актуализирано: 25.11.2025

Транспортният сектор в Полша е в процес на сериозни промени. През последните месеци правителството въведе поредица от програми за финансиране на висока стойност, насочени към декарбонизиране на пътната мрежа и логистичните операции в страната. Голяма част от тези дейности са насочени към инфраструктурата, свързана с тежкотоварните превозни средства - знак, че преходът към по-чист товарен транспорт се възприема в цяла Европа.

Мащабът на инвестициите и скоростта, с която те се осъществяват, ще бъдат от значение за операторите, управителите и проектантите на инфраструктура в цяла Европа. За да разберем защо, е полезно да разгледаме както по-широкия европейски контекст, така и конкретното финансиране, налично в Полша.

Пътят на Европа към нулеви емисии

Преходът към транспорт с ниски и нулеви емисии набира скорост в цяла Европа от няколко години. Пакетът на ЕС Fit for 55 и Green Deal поставиха амбициозни цели за намаляване на емисиите от тежкотоварни автомобили с 45% до 2030 г. и с 90% до 2040 г.

В Регламента за инфраструктурата за алтернативни горива (AFIR) също така се посочва, че до 2030 г. на всеки 60 километра по Трансевропейската транспортна мрежа (TEN-T) - система от европейски пътища, железопътни линии, пристанища и летища, която представлява гръбнакът на континенталния товарен транспорт - трябва да има точки за зареждане с висока мощност за тежкотоварни автомобили. Станциите за зареждане с водород трябва да бъдат на разположение на всеки 200 километра.

Обединеното кралство върви по подобен път. Демонстрационните проекти за пътни товарни превози с нулеви емисии (https://iuk-business-connect.org.uk/programme/zero-emission-heavy-goods-vehicles-and-infrastructure/) се използват за тестване на електрически и водородни тежкотоварни автомобили по маршрути на дълги разстояния, като същевременно се отпускат средства за инфраструктура за зареждане и зареждане на депата.

На този фон програмата на Полша показва, че Централна и Източна Европа са готови да поемат водеща роля в изграждането на по-чист и по-добре свързан транспорт.

Ангажимент за няколко милиарда злоти

През март 2025 г. полският Национален фонд за опазване на околната среда и управление на водите (NFOŚiGW) обяви две големи покани за финансиране на обща стойност 2 млрд. злоти.

Първата ще обхване изграждането и разширяването на електропреносните мрежи, които захранват станции за зареждане с голям капацитет, особено тези по TEN-T. Тя обхваща както разширяването на мрежата, така и инсталирането на нови връзки. Това ще означава, че мрежата ще може да доставя енергията, необходима за бързото зареждане на камиони. Енергийните и мрежовите оператори могат да кандидатстват за безвъзмездни средства, ако проектите им отговарят на минималните прагове за мощност.

Втората покана за финансиране е в подкрепа на изграждането на самите станции за зареждане на тежкотоварни превозни средства. Целта е да се създадат 550 публично достъпни точки в цялата страна, които да обслужват както електрически, така и водородни камиони.

Последната програма, която стартира през второто тримесечие на 2025 г., предоставя безвъзмездни средства и заеми на предприятия, за да могат те да закупят или наемат камиони с нулеви емисии от категории N2 и N3. Категория N2 обхваща превозни средства с брутно тегло между 3,5 и 12 тона, а N3 се отнася за камиони над 12 тона. Нивата на финансиране варират от 30 до 60 % в зависимост от размера на предприятието. Горна граница от 400 000 PLN се прилага за превозни средства от категория N2, а за моделите от категория N3 - 750 000 PLN. Заявленията ще бъдат отворени до 2029 г., за да могат операторите да планират прехода си към превозни средства с нулеви емисии.

Тези инвестиции се вписват в съществуващата полска програма Nasz Eauto, която субсидира закупуването на електрически автомобили за физически лица и фирми, като допълнително разширява стратегията на страната за устойчив транспорт отвъд леките автомобили.

Изграждане на тежка транспортна мрежа

По данни на Международния съюз за автомобилен транспорт (IRU) Полша превозва повече стоки по шосе от всяка друга страна от ЕС. Тя е естествена врата между Западна Европа и балтийските държави, Украйна и Балканите, което означава, че една надеждна инфраструктура с нулеви емисии в Полша ще има общоевропейско въздействие.

Чрез определяне на ясни изисквания за мощност и съгласуване на проектите с коридорите на TEN-T правителството осигурява координиран подход, а не изолирани проекти. Целта е надеждна мрежа, в която електрическите и водородните камиони могат да се движат свободно по ключови търговски маршрути. Заместник-министърът по въпросите на климата и околната среда описа програмата като начин да се засили "конкурентоспособността на полските оператори на товарни превози", като същевременно се намалят емисиите от един от най-големите икономически сектори на страната.

Вътрешната мрежа на Полша също е част от по-широката инициатива Clean Transport Corridor Initiative. Общо девет държави от ЕС - включително Полша - се ангажираха през септември 2025 г. да ускорят въвеждането на инфраструктура за зареждане по ключови маршрути за товарни превози, като например коридорите Северно море-Балтика и Скандинавия-Средиземно море на TEN-T.

За автопарковете, които оперират в цяла Европа, инициативата означава, че инфраструктурата за зареждане ще стане по-стандартизирана и предвидима в различните държави. Това ще помогне на шофьорите да планират с по-голяма увереност трансграничните маршрути, като същевременно ще подпомогне прехода към превоз на товари с нулеви емисии.

Практически възможности и предизвикателства в реалния свят

За операторите на автопаркове времето е окуражаващо. Камионите с нулеви емисии бързо навлизат на европейския пазар, като през първата половина на 2025 г. в ЕС са регистрирани продажбите на близо 2000 тежкотоварни електрически камиона с нулеви емисии.

Съществуват обаче и предизвикателства. Добавянето на капацитет за зареждане с голяма мощност означава, че операторите на мрежи, местните власти и логистичните центрове трябва да си сътрудничат. Освен това ще е необходимо време за наемане на техници с умения за инсталиране и поддръжка на високоволтово оборудване.

Освен това разходите за превозни средства и оперативните фактори също могат да забавят напредъка. Дори при щедри субсидии предприятията трябва да преценят разходите за притежание на електрически превозни средства, моделите на маршрутите и готовността на депата.

Какво означава това за мобилността

За общността на автомобилния транспорт програмата на Полша е важен етап. След като бъде завършена, нейната мрежа за зареждане и презареждане ще свърже Източна и Западна Европа, подпомагайки по-чистото и по-ефективно движение на товари.

"Това е повратна точка за тежкотоварния транспорт", казва Ник Рентън, ръководител на отдела за европейска стратегия и бизнес развитие в SNAP. "Действията на Полша показват, че превозът на товари с нулеви емисии се превръща в част от ежедневието, а не в дългосрочна визия. Тъй като точките за зареждане и презареждане се увеличават, операторите ще могат да планират по-чисти пътувания с увереност."

С развитието на ситуацията ще продължим да подкрепяме автопарковете в Европа с технологии, информация и практически инструменти за водачите. Нашето приложение intruck помага да се идентифицират и резервират спирки за почивка, пунктове за зареждане с гориво и охраняеми паркинги, като с откриването на нови обекти се добавят още съоръжения с нулеви емисии. За операторите, които искат да изпреварят промените в инфраструктурата, то осигурява ясна представа за това как се развива пътната мрежа - и къде се появяват нови възможности.

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понеделник 08 декември 2025 • Новини и актуализации

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четвъртък 04 декември 2025 • Новини и актуализации

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четвъртък 30 октомври 2025 • Новини и актуализации

ОПТИМИЗИРАНЕ НА РАБОТАТА НА АВТОПАРКА: ИСТОРИЯТА НА FET LOGISTICS

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Located in Colnbrook, Berkshire, is a family-owned and family-run company specialising in the transportation of pharmaceutical products.The company originated from humble beginnings in 1984 when Frederick Woolley produced a service that was second to none in the secure logistics industry his very own tracking system, the best on the market, which left companies knocking on his door to transport their goods safely throughout Europe. In 1999, FET entered the world of pharmaceutical transportation, with Frederick taking on a partner, his son-in-law, Harry Hughes. From there, the business has gone from strength to strength, becoming one of the best pharmaceutical logistics companies in the UK. We sit down with Managing Director, Harry, to discuss what it's like running a fleet across Europe and how SNAP has helped ease processes."We focus on transporting high-value, high-consequence goods, white glove deliveries, and hospital deliveries. We're often in mainland Europe pretty much every day, from Northern Ireland all the way down to Spain, Italy, and even Greece."Transporting high-value goods comes with the added pressure to ensure your drivers park in safe and secure areas. For Harry, his drivers must have access to a wide network of truck stops across Europe, complete with details regarding security features something SNAP can deliver through its and Transporting high-consequence goods also brings additional challenges, as Harry explains:"We have the same challenges as everyone else in the supply chain, but you're adding temperature as well. That's another critical requirement. Whether it be a dry ice box that's got a life of 72 hours, or you need to keep that van completely at the right temperature throughout its journey. If the truck or van has to park up overnight, we need to ensure that the temperature is being monitored through the night as well."TAPA EMEA's TSR regulations have been developed by the industry, for the industry. The standard protects products transported by road and aims to ensure the safety of drivers, vehicles, and cargo. As TAPA UK Lead, Harry knows the importance and the benefits of transporting goods under TAPA TSR."We outsource to an external monitoring company for some of the delicate loads being transported under TSR. This means they will monitor the load for the route and geofence it if it deviates. They're checking in with the driver and also checking that it's parked at the right location from the route risk assessment we've uploaded to the monitoring company."These standards give drivers, fleet operators, and customers peace of mind that their cargo will be transported safely. And Harry has peace of mind when these journeys utilise SNAP's vast network of truck stops across Europe."You know that if you go to a SNAP site, you're going to get a decent site."Driver welfare remains a critical topic within the mobility industry, and for fleets like Harry's, ensuring their drivers are looked after while on the road remains vital. We asked Harry what offerings truck stops must provide to those on the road regularly:"I think the drivers just want some decent facilities. If they've got a shower, toilet, and a hot meal, they're generally happy." He also notes that it's not a one-size-fits-all, "they've all got different requirements. Some of them want to go to sites with a fancy restaurant, and some of them are just happy with a burger and chips. I think if the basics are there of clean facilities, hot and cold food, and showers, that's the main thing."Truck stops are already in high demand, and the most popular ones, offering the right facilities and security requirements, tend to fill up early in the evening. This often forces drivers to park in unsafe areas, a challenge that's expected to grow even more significant when SNAP not only simplifies life for fleet managers but also delivers a seamless parking experience for drivers. This leads to increased convenience and satisfaction on the road, while enhancing efficiency and streamlining operations across the company."It's the simplicity for the drivers. They don't have to worry about anything. They just pull in, and the parking payment method is already done for them. The drivers love it since we've implemented it," Harry states. SNAP's growing network of truck wash sites is something that hasn't gone unnoticed by FET Logistics, especially when the weather takes a turn for the worse:"More truck washes are coming onto the network, which helps us especially through winter. Nobody wants to see a dirty truck turn up if you're loading pharmaceuticals into it."Inspired by what you've just read? Catch the full interview with