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Новини от индустрията • 4 мин. четене

Какво означават задължителните цифрови записи в Испания за автопарковете, работещи в Европа

Създаден: 16.12.2025

Актуализирано: 16.12.2025

Испания се подготвя за една от най-значимите транспортни реформи в най-новата си история. Законът за устойчивата мобилност (Ley de Movilidad Sostenible), който получи окончателно одобрение през ноември 2025 г., ще въведе задължителни цифрови записи за контролната документация на автомобилните товарни превози, създавайки по-прозрачна, приложима и ефективна система за вътрешните и международните превозвачи.

Въпреки че това е голяма промяна на национално равнище, тя е част от по-широка тенденция. В цяла Европа правителствата и операторите се стремят към изцяло цифрова среда за превоз на товари, тъй като ЕС се подготвя да приложи Регламента за електронна информация за превоза на товари (eFTI).

За автопарковете, работещи в Испания и извън нея, това е началото на важен преход. Това е сигнал за бъдеще, в което хартиената документация е по-скоро изключение, отколкото правило, и в което цифровите процеси подпомагат по-бързите проверки, по-гладките операции и по-голямата съгласуваност между държавите.

Какво променя испанският закон за мобилността

Макар че Законът за устойчива мобилност засяга широкообхватни транспортни реформи - от градската мобилност до ограниченията на вътрешните полети - разпоредбите, които са от най-голямо значение за операторите на международни товарни превози, са съсредоточени върху цифровата документация. Централен раздел на закона въвежда задължителен цифров "контролен документ" за автомобилния превоз на товари. Това включва използването на одобрени цифрови формати, като например електронната товарителница (eCMR), която Испания вече е ратифицирала и третира като правно еквивалентна на хартиената товарителница CMR.

Целта на закона е да се намали административната тежест, да се премахнат несъответствията в документите и да се съкрати времето, необходимо за проверки и инспекции. Вместо да разчитат на ръкописни бележки или физически документи, които могат да бъдат изгубени, превозвачите ще съхраняват, обменят и проверяват информацията за превоза в цифров вид. За операторите това би трябвало да означава по-малко спорове по отношение на документацията, по-малко неясноти около изискванията за съответствие и по-голяма сигурност при подготовката за одити или регулаторни проверки.

На практика задължението е насочено първо към цифровия контролен документ, използван за крайпътни и регулаторни проверки, но се очаква то да ускори по-широкото използване на eCMR и други цифрови документи за превоз на товари по цялата верига на доставки.

Срокът за прилагане ще започне да тече, след като законът бъде публикуван в Държавен вестник на Испания. Превозвачите трябва да очакват задължението за цифров контролен документ да влезе в сила приблизително десет месеца след публикуването, което прави 2026 г. вероятната година, когато ще се изисква пълно съответствие.

За кого се отнасят промените

Законът за мобилността се прилага за автомобилните превози, които попадат под испанските правила за контрол на испанска територия, а не само за регистрираните в Испания дружества. Превозвачите ще трябва да гарантират, че техните системи могат да създават и предават цифрови записи в съвместими формати. Всяко забавяне при приемането на цифровата документация може да забави проверките или да наруши графиците на клиентите.

Това означава, че чуждестранните оператори, които извършват международни превози към, от или през Испания, трябва да предвидят, че при поискване от испанските власти ще могат да предоставят необходимия контролен документ в цифров вид.

Как испанският закон за мобилността се вписва в по-широкия цифров преход в Европа

Испанските реформи са в тясно съответствие с Регламента на ЕС за еFTI, който ще изисква от държавите членки да приемат цифрова документация за превоз на товари, след като бъдат въведени техническите правила и правилата за сертифициране (от средата на 2027 г.). eFTI установява единна рамка за начина, по който информацията се структурира, предава и проверява. Въпреки че задължава органите да приемат цифрови документи, той не изисква от операторите да ги използват. Ето защо испанският Закон за мобилността отива по-далеч, като прави цифровите контролни документи задължителни за автомобилните товарни превози.

В рамките на eFTI превозвачите ще могат да предоставят информация за товарите по електронен път чрез сертифицирани платформи. Правоприлагащите органи ще получават тази информация по сигурни цифрови канали. Това би трябвало да намали административните затруднения по най-натоварените товарни маршрути в ЕС.

Испания не е единствена, която предприема ранни стъпки. Няколко държави от ЕС вече са преминали към системи за безхартиен превоз на товари и техният опит показва как би могла да изглежда една изцяло цифрова среда.

● Холандия е една от първите държави, приели eCMR, и изпробва цялостни цифрови работни процеси в различни видове транспорт.

● Франция също предприе ранни действия, като подкрепи цифровата документация и по-бързите крайпътни проверки след ратифицирането на протокола eCMR.

● В региона на Бенелюкс Белгия, Люксембург и Нидерландия провеждат съвместен пилотен проект за eCMR и цифров логистичен коридор, който показва как оперативно съвместимата документация може да работи отвъд националните граници.

● Дания и Швеция проведоха национални изпитания за електронен превоз на товари, предназначени да опростят обмена на транспортна информация.

Взети заедно, тези примери показват, че испанският закон за мобилността е част от по-широк европейски преход. Вместо да се отличава от останалите, Испания се движи в крак с преминаването на континента към цифрова документация, което има за цел да направи автомобилните превози на товари по-бързи, по-прозрачни и по-последователни през границите.

Оперативните ползи за автопарковете

Преминаването към цифрови записи носи няколко практически предимства. Цифровите документи намаляват времето, което шофьорите и служителите на контролните органи отделят за обработка на документи, и съкращават проверките по време на пътните проверки. Това отразява ползите, наблюдавани при въвеждането на интелигентни тахографи от второ поколение, които намалиха ненужните спирания на водачи, отговарящи на изискванията, и подобриха последователността на правоприлагането в цяла Европа.

Цифровата документация също така премахва грешките, които могат да възникнат от ръкописни бележки или повредени хартиени бележки. Мениджърите на автопаркове могат незабавно да извличат записите, по-лесно да разрешават грешки и да поддържат по-ясен контрол върху документацията по множество маршрути. За операторите, които управляват сложни графици, тази повишена предвидимост подпомага по-доброто планиране и по-доброто обслужване на клиентите.

Шофьорите също могат да се възползват от това. Преминаването към цифрови записи намалява административния натиск и помага да се избегнат разногласия в точките на доставка. Тъй като всички документи се съхраняват в цифров вид, шофьорите разполагат с единен източник на истината, който се приема в цялата верига на доставки.

Предизвикателства, за които да се подготвите

Може да се наложи автопарковете да инвестират в актуализирани системи за управление на транспорта или да интегрират нови инструменти, които поддържат цифрова документация. Операторите може да се нуждаят от допълнителна подкрепа и обучение, за да преминат от хартиени процеси към нови цифрови работни потоци.

Ще има и период на приспособяване, в който хартиените и цифровите системи ще работят успоредно. С установяването на еFTI в цяла Европа някои държави ще се движат по-бързо от други. Операторите, които преминават през различни граници, могат да се сблъскат с различни очаквания, особено в първите години.

По време на този преход благосъстоянието на водачите трябва да остане приоритет. Административното натоварване, свързано с новите процеси, често пада върху водачите. Ясното обучение и ясните системи ще бъдат от съществено значение.

Как SNAP може да подпомогне вашия преход

Законът за мобилността на Испания бележи важен момент в развитието на европейския превоз на товари. Той отразява един сектор, който се модернизира с бързи темпове и се подготвя за бъдеще, изградено върху цифрови работни процеси, а не върху ръчна работа с документи. Операторите, които започнат да се подготвят сега, ще бъдат в силна позиция, когато изискванията на Испания за цифрови контролни документи влязат в сила и eFTI влезе в сила в цяла Европа.

В SNAP подпомагаме автопарковете в Испания и на другия континент с инструменти, които правят ежедневните операции по-лесни и по-предвидими. Приложението intruck помага на шофьорите да намират и резервират сигурни паркинги по маршрута си, което е особено ценно с развитието на процесите за спазване на изискванията.

Ако вашият автопарк се подготвя за новите изисквания на Испания или за по-широкия цифров преход в цяла Европа, SNAP е тук, за да ви подкрепи на всяка стъпка от пътя.

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Telematics solutions have been critical to fleets nationwide because through improved behaviour and training programmes. AI algorithms are essential to analysing real-time traffic data, like road closures and weather conditions. Congestion can be significant, especially if your routes pass through London. A 2024 Inrix report said drivers when driving in the capital city. ML models can quickly identify bottlenecks and adverse weather to meet critical delivery times. Fleet managers benefit because their drivers can improve on-time performance. Route optimisation means deliveries are more likely to arrive during scheduled windows. It also enhances driver behaviours by idling less and covering fewer miles. Modern AI technologies rapidly detect roadway closures and unexpected weather changes to minimise disruptions. Accident reporting used to include manual logs and documentation. However, AI can reduce labour needs by automatically detecting and submitting incident reports. From collisions to near misses, these technologies can recognise potential incidents. Sensors gather relevant information at the event’s timing to provide more context. Unusual circumstances like airbag deployment can also be part of the automatic reporting. Once AI detection is complete, the system compiles information into a standardised report. Manual logs can create time-consuming tasks, so AI can automate these processes and free up staff. Fleet managers and insurers receive the report, thus ensuring compliance and accurate communication. Advanced technologies capture relevant data and use consistent formatting, so all parties get the critical details. Unexpected vehicle breakdowns can disrupt schedules and delay deliveries. AI helps fleet managers detect these problems before they become significant issues. From engine temperature to oil pressure, characteristics are monitored in real time. Advanced algorithms identify subtle anomalies and alert operators when a component is nearing failure. While fixed service intervals can be beneficial, AI lets you be more proactive and schedule maintenance precisely. Tire pressure sensors are an excellent example, especially for construction and utility companies. Experts say air compressors than equipment needs to maintain best practises. These sensors continually monitor output and detect gradual drops, flagging early signs of leaks.AI detection in fleets goes beyond studying driver behaviour. Telematics and sensors analyse speed and acceleration patterns to better understand fuel consumption. The systems monitor your vehicles for excessive idling and inefficient routing that increases petrol or diesel usage. AI can tailor recommendations to drivers by offering optimised speed ranges or maintenance needs.Fleet managers benefit by getting aggregated data on fuel consumption and spending. This information helps them make more informed vehicle procurement and route planning decisions. If older vehicles show inefficiencies, it may be time to upgrade the lot. Logistics professionals should compare individual vehicles against industry standards to see outliers. The U.K.’s environmental goals by 2050. Therefore, fleet managers must be more aware of tightening standards and the risk of fines. AI detection helps vehicles through sensors and onboard diagnostics systems, which collect data during operations. ML algorithms identify patterns and anomalies within the information and notify of excessive emissions. AI can alert fleet managers and enable proactive maintenance if a vehicle exceeds emissions thresholds. While humans take measures to reduce greenhouse gases, AI detection is rising to help the transportation industry. A 2025 study said by adapting eco-driving capabilities. The U.S. researchers said implementing it in 10% of vehicles would reduce carbon emissions up to 50%. Another way fleet managers can reduce emissions is through electric vehicle (EV) conversion. EV ownership is rising nationally through private drivers and fleet owners, as a 2025 report from 2023. AI can assist logistics professionals in the transition by recommending when, where and how to electrify their fleets. First-time EV owners may need help with charging windows and infrastructure needs. AI-powered systems detect when and where electric cars could naturally align with charging windows. For example, it could recommend the best times to charge to reduce schedule disruptions. Some may be pondering the switch to EVs, so logistics managers can leverage AI to compare cost data between electric and petrol cars. While AI investment can be a barrier, it may be financially beneficial in the long run. These software options that slows daily operations. Early detection of issues can lead to a more well-maintained fleet, which creates more uptime and revenue. Fleet managers can also save money through enhanced route optimisation and fuel management. AI detection in fleets is essential for streamlining administrative processes. These technologies can automatically perform compliance checks and incident documentation, thus reducing the need for manual paperwork. Your operators can focus more on the bigger picture and less on administrative overhead. If monitoring helps your drivers, it could reduce the cost of vehicle repairs and legal claims. Vehicle and cargo theft ., though they remain significant concerns. AI detection offers additional security layers by reducing the window of opportunity for thieves. Asset tracking features combine GPS and telematics capabilities to monitor real-time location, essential for companies transporting high-value assets. Fleet managers benefit from geofencing features, allowing them to set virtual boundaries. If a truck or van exits these zones, AI-powered systems automatically flag the event and notify logistics professionals. The algorithm is intelligent enough to understand anomalies and security protocols. Abnormalities can trigger security measures like remote disabling. AI is a practical, game-changing tool for fleet managers. Advanced analytics and real-time monitoring empower logistics professionals to drive measurable safety and performance improvements. While technologies are developing, the future is here. Your business should be willing to invest in AI-driven solutions to reduce costs and minimise risks. Discover more from .