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Nouvelles et mises à jour • 3 min lire

La Pologne accélère le passage au transport de marchandises sans émissions

Créée: 25/11/2025

Mise à jour : 25/11/2025

Le secteur des transports polonais est en pleine mutation. Au cours des derniers mois, le gouvernement a introduit une série de programmes de financement de grande valeur visant à décarboniser le réseau routier et les opérations logistiques du pays. Une grande partie de cette activité se concentre sur les infrastructures liées aux véhicules lourds - un signe que la transition vers un fret plus propre est en train d'être adoptée dans toute l'Europe.

L'ampleur des investissements - et leur rapidité - sera importante pour les opérateurs, les gestionnaires et les planificateurs d'infrastructures dans toute l'Europe. Pour comprendre pourquoi, il est utile d'examiner à la fois le contexte européen général et les financements spécifiques disponibles en Pologne.

La route de l'Europe vers zéro émission

Depuis plusieurs années, l'évolution vers des transports à émissions faibles ou nulles s'accélère en Europe. Le paquet Fit for 55 et Green Deal de l'UE ont fixé des objectifs ambitieux pour réduire les émissions des véhicules lourds de 45 % d'ici à 2030 et de 90 % d'ici à 2040.

Le [règlement sur les infrastructures pour carburants alternatifs] (https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/07/25/alternative-fuels-infrastructure-council-adopts-new-law-for-more-recharging-and-refuelling-stations-across-europe/) (AFIR) stipule également qu'il doit y avoir des points de recharge à haute puissance pour les véhicules lourds tous les 60 kilomètres le long du réseau transeuropéen de transport (RTE-T) - un système de routes, de chemins de fer, de ports et d'aéroports européens qui constitue l'épine dorsale du fret continental - d'ici à 2030. Des stations de ravitaillement en hydrogène doivent être disponibles tous les 200 kilomètres.

Le Royaume-Uni suit une voie similaire. Des projets de démonstration de transport routier de marchandises à zéro émission (https://iuk-business-connect.org.uk/programme/zero-emission-heavy-goods-vehicles-and-infrastructure/) sont utilisés pour tester des poids lourds électriques et à hydrogène sur des itinéraires longue distance, tandis que des fonds sont alloués à l'infrastructure de recharge et de ravitaillement des dépôts.

Dans ce contexte, le programme de la Pologne montre que l'Europe centrale et orientale est prête à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la mise en place de transports plus propres et mieux connectés.

Un engagement de plusieurs milliards de złoty

En mars 2025, le Fonds national pour la protection de l'environnement et la gestion de l'eau (NFOŚiGW) de Pologne a lancé deux grands appels de fonds d'une valeur totale de 2 milliards de PLN.

Le premier couvrira la construction et l'expansion des réseaux électriques qui alimentent les stations de recharge de grande capacité, en particulier celles qui se trouvent sur le réseau transeuropéen de transport. Il couvre à la fois l'expansion du réseau et l'installation de nouvelles connexions. Cela signifie que le réseau peut fournir l'énergie nécessaire à la recharge rapide des camions. Les opérateurs de réseaux et d'énergie peuvent demander des subventions si leurs projets atteignent des seuils de puissance minimum.

Le deuxième appel de fonds soutient la construction de stations de recharge pour véhicules lourds. L'objectif est de créer 550 points accessibles au public dans tout le pays, pour les camions électriques et à hydrogène.

Un dernier programme, lancé au deuxième trimestre 2025, accorde des subventions et des prêts aux entreprises afin qu'elles puissent acheter ou louer des camions sans émissions dans les catégories N2 et N3. La catégorie N2 couvre les véhicules dont le poids brut est compris entre 3,5 et 12 tonnes, tandis que la catégorie N3 s'applique aux camions de plus de 12 tonnes. Les niveaux de financement varient de 30 à 60 %, en fonction de la taille de l'entreprise. Les plafonds de 400 000 PLN s'appliquent aux véhicules N2 et de 750 000 PLN aux modèles N3. Les demandes seront [ouvertes jusqu'en 2029] (https://www.logistyka.net.pl/aktualnosci/english-speaking-zone/item/96519-funding-for-zero-emission-trucks-has-been-launched?tmpl=component&print=1), afin que les opérateurs puissent planifier leur transition vers des véhicules à zéro émission.

Ces investissements s'inscrivent dans le cadre du programme polonais [Nasz Eauto] (https://naszeauto.gov.pl/), qui subventionne l'achat de voitures électriques pour les particuliers et les entreprises, étendant ainsi la stratégie de transport durable du pays au-delà des véhicules de tourisme.

Construire un réseau de transport lourd

Selon l'Union internationale des transports routiers (IRU) (https://www.iru.org/news-resources/newsroom/who-driving-what-and-where-eu-road-freight-trends), la Pologne transporte plus de marchandises par route que n'importe quel autre pays de l'UE. C'est un point de passage naturel entre l'Europe occidentale et les États baltes, l'Ukraine et les Balkans, ce qui signifie qu'une infrastructure fiable à zéro émission en Pologne aura un impact à l'échelle de l'Europe.

En fixant des exigences claires en matière d'énergie et en alignant les projets sur les corridors RTE-T, le gouvernement garantit une approche coordonnée plutôt que des projets isolés. L'objectif est de créer un réseau fiable où les camions électriques et à hydrogène peuvent circuler librement le long des principales routes commerciales. Le vice-ministre du climat et de l'environnement a décrit le programme comme un moyen de renforcer "la compétitivité des opérateurs de fret polonais" tout en réduisant les émissions de l'un des secteurs économiques les plus importants du pays.

Le réseau national polonais fait également partie de l'initiative plus large des corridors de transport propre (https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/eu-ministers-commit-faster-truck-recharging-deployment-2025-09-16_en). En septembre 2025, neuf pays de l'UE, dont la Pologne, se sont engagés à accélérer le déploiement des infrastructures de recharge le long des principaux itinéraires de fret, tels que les corridors Mer du Nord-Baltique et Scandinavie-Méditerranée du réseau transeuropéen de transport.

Pour les flottes qui opèrent dans toute l'Europe, l'initiative signifie que l'infrastructure de recharge deviendra plus standardisée et prévisible entre les pays. Cela aidera les conducteurs à planifier les itinéraires transfrontaliers avec plus de confiance, tout en soutenant le passage à un fret sans émissions.

Opportunités pratiques et défis du monde réel

Pour les opérateurs de flotte, le moment est encourageant. Les camions zéro émission font rapidement leur entrée sur le marché européen (https://theicct.org/publication/r2z-eu-hdv-market-development-quarterly-january-june-2025-sept25/), avec des ventes de près de 2 000 camions électriques lourds zéro émission enregistrées au cours du premier semestre 2025 dans l'ensemble de l'UE.

Il y a cependant des défis à relever. L'ajout d'une capacité de charge de grande puissance implique une coopération entre les opérateurs de réseaux, les autorités locales et les centres logistiques. Il faudra également du temps pour recruter des techniciens capables d'installer et d'entretenir des équipements à haute tension.

En outre, le coût des véhicules et les facteurs opérationnels pourraient également ralentir les progrès. Même avec des subventions généreuses, les entreprises doivent peser le coût de la possession d'un véhicule électrique, les schémas d'itinéraires et l'état de préparation des dépôts.

Ce que cela signifie pour la mobilité

Pour la communauté du transport routier, le programme polonais constitue une étape importante. Une fois achevé, son réseau de recharge et de ravitaillement reliera l'Europe de l'Est à l'Europe de l'Ouest, favorisant ainsi un transport de marchandises plus propre et plus efficace.

"Il s'agit d'un tournant pour le transport lourd", déclare Nick Renton, responsable de la stratégie européenne et du développement commercial chez SNAP. "Les mesures prises par la Pologne montrent que le transport de marchandises sans émissions fait désormais partie de la vie quotidienne, et non plus d'une vision à long terme. Avec la multiplication des points de recharge et de ravitaillement, les opérateurs pourront programmer des trajets plus propres en toute confiance."

Au fur et à mesure que la situation évolue, nous continuerons à soutenir les flottes à travers l'Europe avec des technologies, des informations et des outils pratiques pour les conducteurs. Notre [application intruck] (https://intruckapp.com/) permet d'identifier et de réserver des aires de repos, des points de ravitaillement et des parkings sécurisés, et d'ajouter des installations à zéro émission au fur et à mesure de l'ouverture de nouveaux sites. Pour les opérateurs qui cherchent à anticiper les changements d'infrastructure, cette application offre une vision claire de l'évolution du réseau routier et des nouvelles opportunités qui s'offrent à eux.

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lundi 08 décembre 2025 • Nouvelles et mises à jour

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jeudi 04 décembre 2025 • Nouvelles et mises à jour

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A missed inspection or delayed repair can have a much larger operational impact than during other parts of the year.When peak consumer activity overlaps with hazardous weather, fleets experience amplified risk. Traffic congestion increases, road conditions deteriorate and minor mechanical problems can escalate into serious incidents more easily. To combat these issues, you must strengthen preventive maintenance, adjust schedules, and improve real-time monitoring to prevent avoidable breakdowns or delays.Cold temperatures, icy surfaces and reduced daylight all increase mechanical and on-road risks for commercial vehicles, raising the likelihood of weakened batteries, reduced tyre traction and visibility issues. UK roadworthiness standards emphasise the importance of more robust winter maintenance for brakes, lighting, fluids and tyres as conditions deteriorate, reinforcing why winter readiness is essential for uninterrupted fleet operations. 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jeudi 30 octobre 2025 • Nouvelles et mises à jour

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