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Nouvelles et mises à jour • 4 min lire

L'essor des infrastructures en Roumanie : quelles conséquences pour le secteur de la mobilité ?

Créée: 22/09/2025

Mise à jour : 22/09/2025

La Roumanie s'impose rapidement comme une plaque tournante stratégique pour la logistique et le fret dans le sud-est de l'Europe. Soutenue par des milliards de dollars de financement européen et national, la renaissance des infrastructures du pays attire les opérateurs de flottes, les investisseurs logistiques et les fabricants. Dans cet article, nous examinons ce que ces développements signifient pour les flottes, les conducteurs et le secteur du transport au sens large.

L'infrastructure de transport de la Roumanie a connu un changement radical de rythme et d'échelle. Le gouvernement a réservé environ 25 milliards de lei (4,27 milliards de livres sterling) pour des projets routiers en 2026, reflétant une attention sans précédent pour les autoroutes et les corridors de fret.

À la mi-2025, la Roumanie comptait environ 1 325 km d'autoroutes en service (1 188 km d'autoroutes et 138 km de voies rapides), 741 km supplémentaires étant en construction et 669 km en phase d'appel d'offres.

D'ici à 2030, la Roumanie prévoit de doubler son réseau autoroutier, de moderniser les axes ferroviaires stratégiques, de développer les transports urbains et de relier des régions longtemps isolées. Le défi est immense, mais le résultat pourrait transformer la position du pays sur la carte des transports en Europe.

Les projets clés comprennent l'axe nord-sud A7 allant de Ploiești à Siret, qui facilitera le transport vers la frontière ukrainienne, et qui devrait être achevé d'ici 2026. Un autre projet est une voie rapide de 11 km reliant Satu Mare à la frontière roumaine avec la Hongrie. Le périphérique A0 de Bucarest facilitera le transport de marchandises et de passagers autour de la capitale, la moitié sud étant déjà en service. D'autres travaux majeurs incluent les corridors Suceava-Oar et Timișoara-Moravița, ainsi que le tunnel de Meseș de 2,9 km, appelé à devenir le plus long tunnel routier de Roumanie.

"Ces corridors ne se contenteront pas d'améliorer les liaisons est-ouest et nord-sud : ils relieront des régions auparavant isolées, comme la Moldavie et le nord-est, au reste du pays et à l'UE", commente Eduard Ularu, responsable du développement commercial à la SNAP.

Mais l'infrastructure ne se limite pas aux routes. Le [pont de Brăila] (https://ec.europa.eu/regionalpolicy/whats-new/panorama/2023/07/19-07-2023-braila-bridge-a-great-leap-for-romania-and-the-euen) sur le Danube, ouvert en juillet 2023 pour un coût de 500 millions d'euros (363 millions d'euros cofinancés par l'UE), offre la première traversée du Danube maritime et améliore considérablement la connectivité avec Constanța et Dobruja.

Parmi les autres développements essentiels, citons les améliorations ferroviaires prévues dans le port de Constanța et l'expansion de 130 millions d'euros de la capacité de conteneurs et de rouliers de DP World Romania, qui doublera le débit et ajoutera des liaisons logistiques par route et par chemin de fer.

Pourquoi c'est important

Le marché roumain du fret et de la logistique est considérable. [Évalué à environ] (https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/romania-freight-and-logistics-market) 21,11 milliards USD en 2025, il devrait atteindre 24,27 milliards USD d'ici 2030. Entre-temps, le segment du fret routier à lui seul devrait atteindre 9,07 milliards d'USD en 2025 et 10,37 milliards d'USD d'ici 2030.

Ces chiffres reflètent le rôle croissant de la Roumanie en tant que corridor transeuropéen, desservant les routes de la Hongrie, de la Bulgarie, de l'Ukraine, de la Moldavie et des ports de la mer Noire. L'Ukraine dirige désormais une grande partie de ses [exportations de céréales via Constanța] (https://breakbulk.news/romanias-government-approves-railroad-upgrades-for-constanta-port/) sur la côte de la mer Noire, et espère doubler ses exportations de 2 à 4 millions de tonnes par mois grâce à l'infrastructure roumaine.

"Ces investissements aideront la Roumanie à mieux concurrencer les grands centres logistiques comme ceux de Pologne et de Grèce", commente Eduard Ularu. "Constanța dispose d'un énorme potentiel et, avec la mise en place des infrastructures adéquates, elle peut enfin devenir la porte d'entrée du commerce européen qu'elle était censée être."

L'amélioration de l'entreposage, la baisse du coût de la main-d'œuvre et les tendances à la délocalisation amicale encouragent les fabricants et les détaillants à installer des centres logistiques en Roumanie, ce qui accroît la demande sur les routes et stimule la croissance sur l'ensemble du réseau.

Développements numériques

Les améliorations de l'infrastructure ne sont pas seulement physiques, elles sont aussi numériques. À mesure que le pays étend ses autoroutes et ses corridors de fret, il intègre des systèmes intelligents conçus pour favoriser des trajets plus rapides, plus sûrs et plus efficaces.

Sur l'ensemble du réseau, des [outils intelligents de surveillance du trafic] (https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/smart-use-roads_1.pdf) sont en cours d'installation, notamment des capteurs de pesée en mouvement, des boucles de circulation inductives et des caméras de bord de route. Ces systèmes alimenteront les centres de contrôle du trafic en temps réel dans des villes comme Bucarest, Brașov et Timișoara, aidant ainsi les autorités - et les opérateurs de flotte - à réagir plus rapidement aux incidents et aux embouteillages.

Bucarest est également en train de [moderniser son infrastructure de feux de circulation] (https://urban-mobility-observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/bucharest-continues-make-its-traffic-light-system-smarter-2023-02-27_en), en utilisant l'IA et des détecteurs intelligents pour optimiser les flux de véhicules et réduire les goulets d'étranglement. Cela a des implications majeures pour les opérateurs de fret qui naviguent dans des zones urbaines denses, en améliorant la fiabilité des temps de trajet et en réduisant la marche au ralenti.

Au niveau national, la Roumanie s'oriente vers la [tarification routière numérique] (hhttps://business-review.eu/business/transport-and-logistics/eltra-logis-the-new-tollro-road-charging-system-can-be-a-catalyst-for-fleet-renewal-285636). Le nouveau système TollRO - dont le lancement est prévu en 2026 - remplacera la vignette électronique actuelle par un modèle de péage basé sur la distance et sensible aux émissions, conformément aux directives de l'UE. Ce changement pourrait encourager les flottes plus propres et offrir une tarification plus équitable aux opérateurs logistiques qui investissent dans des véhicules à faibles émissions.

Pour les conducteurs, cela signifie moins de retards, des informations en temps réel plus claires et des conditions routières plus réactives. Pour les opérateurs, c'est l'occasion d'améliorer la planification de la flotte, la gestion des itinéraires et les stratégies de développement durable.

Impacts pour les flottes et les conducteurs

Pour les flottes et les conducteurs, la modernisation de la Roumanie présente à la fois des avantages et des inconvénients. Le plus important est sans doute l'amélioration de l'efficacité du réseau. Avec des routes plus fluides et des couloirs plus rapides, les investissements devraient réduire les temps de trajet et la marche au ralenti. Les routes nationales dangereuses à voie unique seront progressivement remplacées par des autoroutes plus sûres et plus rapides. Cela permettra d'accroître la productivité et de réduire le temps passé par les conducteurs au volant.

Cependant, tout n'est pas positif. Les travaux en cours sur les autoroutes comme l'A7 et l'A8 peuvent entraîner des retards et des changements d'itinéraires pendant la durée des travaux. Ils pourraient également entraîner une augmentation des volumes de fret (en particulier à Constanța et aux postes-frontières), ce qui pourrait mettre à rude épreuve les infrastructures existantes.

"Actuellement, les zones de construction comme la DN2 et certaines parties du périphérique A0 de Bucarest provoquent des détours et des goulets d'étranglement", explique M. Ularu. "Les camions perdent des heures sur des trajets qui ne devraient prendre que quelques minutes, ce qui a un impact sur tous les aspects, du budget carburant à la fiabilité des livraisons.

En outre, les nouveaux corridors, les règles de sécurité plus strictes et l'évolution des redevances d'utilisation des routes exigent une plus grande attention en matière de conformité.

Soutenir le bien-être des conducteurs pendant la transition

Malgré les progrès réalisés en matière d'infrastructures, les parkings de repos sécurisés et les installations de bien-être restent inégaux dans certains corridors de fret, en particulier à proximité des zones frontalières et des grands centres. Les zones de construction sont souvent dépourvues de zones d'attente officielles, ce qui expose les conducteurs et les empêche de se reposer.

"Nous constatons encore des arrêts dangereux et des aires de repos surchargées sur les principaux itinéraires de transport de marchandises", déclare Eduard. "Les autoroutes modernes offriront des aires de service et de repos dédiées tous les 30 à 50 kilomètres, avec des stations-service, des magasins et des aires de restauration. Pour les conducteurs, cela signifie des lieux de stationnement plus sûrs, avec un éclairage approprié, une surveillance par télévision en circuit fermé et des zones de repos sécurisées qui réduisent le risque de vol. Les installations sanitaires telles que les douches et les toilettes propres - une rareté sur les routes nationales - deviendront enfin la norme".

SNAP comble cette lacune grâce à sa carte interactive des parkings en Roumanie. Les conducteurs peuvent facilement localiser des parkings pour camions fiables et sécurisés, réserver des places à l'avance lorsqu'elles sont disponibles et planifier des itinéraires plus sûrs grâce à la carte SNAP.

Vous planifiez un voyage en Roumanie ? Utilisez la carte SNAP pour trouver des parkings sécurisés et adaptés aux conducteurs le long des principaux itinéraires de fret.

L'angle de la durabilité

Ce processus de modernisation des infrastructures joue également un rôle clé dans la mise en place d'une logistique plus écologique. Grâce à une meilleure fluidité du trafic, les niveaux d'émissions dus à l'immobilisation des véhicules et à la conduite à l'arrêt diminueront.

Des améliorations seront également apportées aux couloirs de transport pour soutenir les infrastructures émergentes de ravitaillement en électricité et en hydrogène, afin de réduire la dépendance à l'égard des combustibles fossiles.

Une région en mouvement

L'investissement de la Roumanie dans les infrastructures marque un tournant pour le fret et la mobilité dans toute l'Europe du Sud-Est. Pour les flottes, cela se traduit par des couloirs plus rapides, des capacités logistiques plus importantes et des volumes d'échanges plus élevés, mais aussi par un examen plus approfondi du bien-être, de la conformité et de la résilience.

En tant que leader avant-gardiste du secteur, SNAP plaide en faveur d'opérations bien informées, d'une planification flexible des itinéraires et d'outils axés sur le conducteur qui favorisent à la fois la sécurité et l'efficacité. La Roumanie ne se contente pas de se moderniser, elle remodèle la façon dont les marchandises circulent dans la région.

"Il ne s'agit pas seulement de routes, mais aussi de résilience, de durabilité et de construction d'un avenir de fret plus intelligent dans toute l'Europe. La Roumanie est au cœur de ce changement", déclare Eduard.

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