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Notícias do sector • 4 min ler

As frotas estão a mudar para a integração de veículos autónomos?

Criado: 28/08/2025

Atualizado: 28/08/2025

O burburinho em torno dos veículos autónomos já não é tão intenso como antes, mas continua a ser um ruído constante nos ouvidos dos gestores de frotas. O governo do Reino Unido transferiu os planos-piloto de integração de veículos autónomos para 2026, renovando o interesse pela tecnologia. Será que os decisores vão ignorar o ruído ou adotar rapidamente a tecnologia?

O que implica a integração de veículos autónomos?

A integração de veículos autónomos envolve a incorporação de tecnologias de condução autónoma como a inteligência artificial, a deteção de luz e alcance (LiDAR) e câmaras de alta definição em frotas comerciais. Numa escala mais alargada, implica a introdução de carros autónomos nos sistemas de transportes públicos existentes.

Os sistemas de assistência ao condutor incluem a prevenção de colisões, o ajustamento automático da velocidade, a concentração na faixa de rodagem, o controlo de velocidade de cruzeiro adaptativo e o transporte inteligente de passageiros. A automatização parcial e condicional utiliza tecnologias mais avançadas para permitir o funcionamento em modo mãos-livres em determinadas circunstâncias.

A automação de nível 4 e 5 é uma das principais prioridades dos fabricantes de automóveis, mas é difícil de implementar na prática porque os engenheiros têm de ter em conta inúmeros casos extremos. Mesmo com IA avançada, pode ser difícil aperfeiçoar o estacionamento e evitar colisões. E se as marcações no pavimento forem pouco visíveis ou se uma criança correr para a estrada? A adoção depende da reação do automóvel.

As frotas estão a mudar para a integração de veículos autónomos?

De acordo com o Centro de Veículos Conectados e Autónomos, a secretária dos transportes, Heidi Alexander, confirmou que o governo do Reino Unido vai acelerar os planos-piloto comerciais de condução autónoma e apontar para a primavera de 2026. Esta medida poderá [criar cerca de 40 000 postos de trabalho] (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/driving-innovation-38000-jobs-on-the-horizon-as-pilots-of-self-driving-vehicles-fast-tracked) e acrescentar 42 mil milhões de libras à economia do Reino Unido até 2035.

A nova legislação sobre veículos automatizados do país é uma das mais sólidas a nível mundial, lançando as bases para uma adoção comercial generalizada. A maturidade tecnológica é o único obstáculo que resta.

Numa entrevista à McKinsey & Company, Sascha Meyer - CEO da empresa alemã de tecnologia automóvel MOIA - afirmou que a previsão dos prazos de integração dos veículos autónomos tem sido um desafio. Em 2016, a sua empresa MOIA [acreditava que os veículos sem condutor iriam proliferar] (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/autonomous-vehicles-the-future-of-european-transport) em toda a Europa até 2021.

Desde então, Meyer compreendeu que a adoção implica a conceção de todo um ecossistema e não apenas das funções de condução. De acordo com o novo calendário, os automóveis autónomos estarão presentes nas cidades europeias, na melhor das hipóteses, em 2030. Os engenheiros do MOIA estão a conceber o protótipo para exceder as redundâncias obrigatórias. Desta forma, estarão prontos para operar comercialmente assim que a legislação relevante for aprovada.

Factores que impulsionam a adoção de veículos sem condutor

As frotas de entregas, táxis, serviços públicos e comerciais estão a assistir a um aumento dos sistemas de assistência ao condutor e da automatização inteligente. No entanto, a taxa de penetração permanece relativamente baixa, especialmente considerando o tempo de existência da tecnologia. Quais são os seus planos para a autonomia?

O aumento da eficiência é uma das principais razões pelas quais os gestores de frotas estão a adotar a automatização. Ao contrário dos humanos, as carrinhas sem condutor podem funcionar 24 horas por dia. Com os sistemas telemáticos, podem otimizar a condução e minimizar o tempo de inatividade para melhorar a eficiência do combustível e acelerar as viagens.

A IA é imune ao erro humano, eliminando a travagem brusca e a condução distraída. Não pode ficar fatigada e não tem ângulos mortos. Estas melhorias podem ajudar a reduzir as colisões rodoviárias e os acidentes de viação, o que pode atenuar os dispendiosos pedidos de indemnização dos trabalhadores e reduzir potencialmente os custos dos seguros.

A poupança de custos é outro fator que contribui para isso. Nos níveis 4 e 5, os proprietários podem otimizar as despesas de mão de obra e compensar a falta de condutores. Além disso, os veículos eléctricos sem condutor com capacidade de ligação à rede podem [reduzir os custos de funcionamento em quase 20%] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261921008850) ao longo de 30 anos, ajudando a compensar o investimento inicial.

Factores que atrasam a adoção de veículos sem condutor

Para além de esperarem pela maturidade da tecnologia sem condutor, os proprietários de frotas estão a atrasar a adoção devido aos elevados custos iniciais. Incorporar LiDAR, IA e telemática em cada camião é dispendioso. Comprar um novo em vez de o reequipar é igualmente dispendioso. Mesmo que fosse possível encontrar poupanças de custos, a tecnologia está a evoluir rapidamente - o seu investimento pode ficar rapidamente desatualizado.

A segurança é outra preocupação. Os sensores foto-olho são um equipamento de série na maioria das portas de garagem modernas. Impedem que a porta se feche sobre objectos, carros ou pessoas e são utilizados em toda a indústria em lavagens de automóveis e linhas de montagem de automóveis. Embora alguns fabricantes de automóveis utilizem apenas sistemas de câmara, os engenheiros tiveram de ser pioneiros em novas soluções. Atualmente, muitos utilizam LiDAR, sistemas globais de navegação por satélite e sensores ultra-sónicos.

No entanto, mesmo os sistemas mais avançados são falíveis. Não basta que os automóveis automatizados tenham um desempenho tão bom como o das pessoas - têm de ser bem sucedidos onde os condutores humanos falham.

Os sensores existem há anos, mas os engenheiros ainda não os aperfeiçoaram. Podem falhar em casos extremos ou em cenários desconhecidos. Os automóveis de nível 3 só funcionam em auto-estradas divididas, pré-mapeadas e com tempo limpo. Dado que o Reino Unido [registou 150 dias de precipitação] (https://renovated.com/best-net-zero-energy-building-examples-from-around-the-globe/) em 2021, podem ser demasiado pouco fiáveis para serem adoptados em grande escala.

Como pode o Reino Unido preparar-se para os veículos autónomos

A integração dos veículos autónomos pode estar a avançar lentamente, mas está no bom caminho para chegar ao seu destino na próxima década. De acordo com uma pesquisa da Goldman Sachs, até 10% dos carros novos vendidos em todo o mundo poderão ser veículos de Nível 3 até 2030. Prevê-se que o Nível 2 - os que exigem supervisão do condutor - aumente de 20% das vendas em 2025 para 30% em 2027.

Os gestores devem considerar o âmbito e o custo da integração da frota autónoma para determinar se a adoção antecipada é a melhor opção para eles. É provável que resulte em poupanças a longo prazo, mas esperar pode ser mais compensador porque dá tempo para o avanço tecnológico. Se a análise de custo-benefício não for convincente, devem considerar uma atualização gradual à medida que os carros avariam.

Aqueles que avançam com a adoção devem desenvolver políticas de funcionamento, armazenamento, segurança e actualizações. Estas regras devem variar consoante o nível de automatização. Por exemplo, os condutores de camiões de nível 3 devem ter de prestar toda a atenção à estrada para poderem assumir o controlo, se necessário.

Educar os funcionários sobre o seu papel é essencial para uma implementação bem sucedida. Um estudo da Volkswagen Financial Services concluiu que seis em cada 10 pessoas se consideram melhores condutores do que os veículos autónomos, pelo que é pouco provável que sobrestimem as capacidades do sistema sem condutor. No entanto, devem receber formação explícita sobre as melhores práticas e os hábitos a evitar.

O futuro da integração de frotas autónomas no Reino Unido

As máquinas de condução autónoma estão a trabalhar arduamente em portos e armazéns em toda a Europa. Automatizar os veículos nas auto-estradas é mais difícil porque não estão numa via fixa. Além disso, têm de ter em conta variáveis como as condições meteorológicas e outros condutores. A delimitação geográfica, a telemática e a IA estão a acelerar a adoção, tornando previsível o imprevisível. No mínimo, estas soluções melhoram os tempos de resposta e atenuam os erros humanos, demonstrando que estas tecnologias anteriormente não comprovadas são tão capazes como os condutores humanos.

Para já, a automatização total que elimina a necessidade de atenção humana continua a ser teórica. No entanto, a condução mãos-livres é uma realidade e os sistemas sem condutor poderão em breve tornar-se um equipamento de série nas frotas comerciais. À medida que os fabricantes de automóveis aperfeiçoam as funções de condução, os proprietários de frotas devem dar prioridade ao mapeamento de rotas, à gestão dos condutores e à programação da manutenção.

Descubra mais em [Renovated Magazine] (https://renovated.com/).

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terça-feira 28 abril 2026 • Notícias do sector

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quarta-feira 15 abril 2026 • Notícias do sector

ROUBO DE CARGA NA EUROPA: PORQUE ESTÁ A AUMENTAR E COMO AS FROTAS PODEM REDUZIR O RISCO

Guest

Cargo theft is a growing threat across Europe. What was once seen as an occasional disruption is now a more persistent and organised risk to road transport, affecting fleets, drivers and the wider supply chain. Reported losses and incidents have risen sharply, with one widely cited industry figure pointing to a in recent years. In alone, 557 cargo crimes were recorded across 38 countries in the TAPA EMEA Intelligence System, and even though values were disclosed for fewer than one in five incidents, those 100 cases still totalled more than €43 million.In this article, we explore the current trends and what fleet managers and operators can do to minimise their risks.Food and beverage shipments are among the most commonly targeted categories in Europe, accounting for . also rank highly. These goods are attractive because they are easy to move, easy to sell and often difficult to trace once they enter secondary markets.The recent on its way from Italy to Poland is a useful example. Nestlé said the missing load amounted to roughly 413,793 bars, showing how quickly a mainstream consumer shipment can become a target when moving across borders.These shipments are attractive targets for organised groups because they can be offloaded quickly, resulting in rapid returns. Cargo crime often happens while loads are moving. report found that hijackings accounted for 21% of incidents, while 41% of thefts happened in transit. That is a reminder that risk does not begin when a truck parks for the night. It can begin long before a vehicle stops for the night, particularly on exposed corridors or routes where load visibility and security controls are weaker.Parked vehicles remain a major point of vulnerability. In the UK, Munich Re reported that nearly half of all thefts take place at unsecured roadside parking and rest areas. Across Europe, unsecured roadside locations and rest areas continue to feature prominently in cargo crime reporting, especially where drivers have limited alternatives and secure sites are full.Some of the most concerning incidents show coordination. recently documented attacks in Germany in which dozens of trucks were targeted in a single night along the A1 corridor. In one November 2023 incident, 67 trucks had trailers slashed at service and rest areas including Ostetal South and Grundbergsee South. Similar attacks had already taken place on the same route months earlier.Germany remains one of the clearest hotspots, largely because of the scale of freight passing through the country. Analysis showed that in 2023, more than double France in second place. Other recurring hotspots include France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. That pattern reflects the reality of European freight movement. Dense logistics networks, major freight hubs and heavily used motorways create more opportunities for organised criminals, especially when secure parking capacity fails to keep pace with demand.Munich Re warns that cargo thieves are increasingly using more sophisticated methods, including identity deception, cyber-enabled scams and other tactics that bypass traditional controls. Wider points to GPS jamming, paperwork manipulation and shipment diversion as part of that shift.A stolen load may now begin with compromised data, a fraudulent carrier, a diverted instruction or a vehicle whose movements can no longer be tracked properly. For fleets, that means theft prevention now involves more than physical security. It also requires tighter dispatch processes, better control over shipment data and clearer real-time visibility.The most obvious impact is financial. Stolen goods lead to lost goods, insurance claims and disruption. But the direct value of the missing load is only part of the problem. Delayed deliveries, vehicle damage, missed slots and customer dissatisfaction can all push the true cost much higher. There is also a human cost. Drivers may face intimidation, confrontation or the shock of discovering that their vehicle has been tampered with while they were resting. Even where there is no direct violence, exposure to insecure roadside stops creates stress, fatigue and a sense of vulnerability that can affect driver welfare and retention. Operationally, the knock-on effects spread quickly through the supply chain. A single theft can mean missed delivery windows, rerouted vehicles, stock shortages and added pressure on already stretched teams. For temperature-sensitive, time-critical or high-value loads, the consequences can multiply fast.There is no single fix, but fleets can reduce exposure with a more structured approach to planning, parking and security.Secure parking remains one of the clearest areas for improvement. TAPA’s Parking Security Requirements framework provides an internationally recognised benchmark for secure truck parking, helping operators assess which locations offer stronger protection for vehicles, loads and drivers. Choosing accredited sites will not eliminate cargo theft, but it can significantly reduce the opportunity for organised criminals to strike.In practice, that may mean stopping earlier than planned to reach a safer site rather than pushing on to an unsecured lay-by. While that can feel less efficient in the moment, it is often the more resilient choice.For fleets, the challenge is not just knowing secure parking matters but being able to access it easily. SNAP helps bridge that gap by giving drivers and operators better visibility of trusted parking options across the UK and Europe, making it simpler to plan and reserve safer stops from the outset.Read more: Cybersecurity now sits alongside physical security in any serious theft-prevention strategy. Tracking, geofencing and anti-jamming tools can all help, but only if they are backed by clear processes. Fleets should review how shipment data is shared, who can alter route instructions, how delivery paperwork is verified and what happens if a vehicle suddenly disappears from view. Drivers are often the last line of defence, but they should not carry the burden alone. Clear escalation procedures, regular check-ins, secure rest planning and training on suspicious activity all matter. One of the biggest structural issues behind cargo theft is the shortage of secure truck parking. When drivers cannot find protected sites with proper lighting, access control and welfare facilities, they are more likely to end up in the very locations thieves are already targeting. SNAP has trained working to accredit more parking sites across the UK and continental Europe, helping expand the availability of secure truck parking and reduce opportunities for organised theft.For fleets, the challenge is not just understanding risk, but building safer stopping decisions into everyday operations. At SNAP, we help drivers and operators identify trusted parking options across the UK and Europe, making it easier to plan routes with security and driver welfare in mind.