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Novinky a aktualizácie • 3 min čítania

Poľsko urýchľuje prechod na bezemisnú nákladnú dopravu

Vytvorené: 25. 11. 2025

Aktualizované: 25. 11. 2025

Poľský dopravný sektor prechádza zásadnou transformáciou. V posledných mesiacoch vláda zaviedla sériu hodnotných programov financovania zameraných na dekarbonizáciu cestnej siete a logistických operácií v krajine. Veľká časť týchto aktivít sa zameriava na infraštruktúru súvisiacu s ťažkými nákladnými vozidlami, čo je znakom toho, že prechod na ekologickejšiu nákladnú dopravu sa prijíma v celej Európe.

Rozsah investícií a rýchlosť, akou sa uskutočňujú, budú dôležité pre prevádzkovateľov, manažérov a plánovačov infraštruktúry v celej Európe. Aby sme pochopili prečo, pomôže nám pozrieť sa na širší európsky kontext, ako aj na konkrétne finančné prostriedky dostupné v Poľsku.

Európska cesta k nulovým emisiám

Prechod na nízkoemisnú a bezemisnú dopravu sa v Európe rozbieha už niekoľko rokov. Balík EÚ Fit for 55 a Green Deal stanovili ambiciózne ciele na zníženie emisií z ťažkých nákladných vozidiel o 45 % do roku 2030 a o 90 % do roku 2040.

V nariadení o infraštruktúre pre alternatívne palivá (AFIR) sa tiež uvádza, že do roku 2030 musia byť na transeurópskej dopravnej sieti (TEN-T) - systéme európskych ciest, železníc, prístavov a letísk, ktorý tvorí chrbticu kontinentálnej nákladnej dopravy - každých 60 kilometrov vybudované nabíjacie body s vysokým výkonom pre ťažké vozidlá. Vodíkové čerpacie stanice musia byť k dispozícii každých 200 kilometrov.

Spojené kráľovstvo sa uberá podobnou cestou. Projekty Zero Emission Road Freight Demonstrator sa využívajú na testovanie elektrických a vodíkových nákladných vozidiel na diaľkových trasách, pričom sa vyčleňujú finančné prostriedky na infraštruktúru nabíjania a tankovania v skladoch.

V tejto súvislosti poľský program ukazuje, že stredná a východná Európa sú pripravené prevziať vedúcu úlohu pri budovaní čistejšej a lepšie prepojenej dopravy.

Záväzok v hodnote niekoľkých miliárd zlotých

V marci 2025 vyhlásil poľský Národný fond ochrany životného prostredia a vodného hospodárstva (NFOŚiGW) dve veľké výzvy na financovanie v celkovej hodnote 2 miliardy PLN.

Prvá sa bude týkať výstavby a rozširovania energetických sietí, ktoré zásobujú vysokokapacitné nabíjacie stanice, najmä tie na TEN-T. Zahŕňa rozšírenie siete aj inštaláciu nových pripojení. To bude znamenať, že sieť bude môcť dodávať energiu potrebnú na rýchle nabíjanie nákladných vozidiel. Prevádzkovatelia energetických a rozvodných sietí sa môžu uchádzať o granty, ak ich projekty spĺňajú minimálne prahové hodnoty výkonu.

Druhá výzva na financovanie podporuje výstavbu samotných nabíjacích staníc pre ťažké vozidlá. Cieľom je vytvoriť 550 verejne prístupných miest po celej krajine, ktoré budú slúžiť pre elektrické aj vodíkové nákladné vozidlá.

Posledný program, ktorý sa začal v 2. štvrťroku 2025, poskytuje granty a pôžičky podnikom, aby si mohli kúpiť alebo prenajať nákladné vozidlá s nulovými emisiami v kategóriách N2 a N3. Kategória N2 sa vzťahuje na vozidlá s celkovou hmotnosťou od 3,5 do 12 ton, zatiaľ čo kategória N3 sa vzťahuje na nákladné vozidlá nad 12 ton. Úroveň financovania sa pohybuje od 30 do 60 % v závislosti od veľkosti podniku. Horná hranica 400 000 PLN sa vzťahuje na vozidlá kategórie N2 a 750 000 PLN na modely kategórie N3. Žiadosti budú otvorené do roku 2029, aby prevádzkovatelia mohli naplánovať svoj prechod na vozidlá s nulovými emisiami.

Tieto investície sú súčasťou existujúceho poľského programu Nasz Eauto, ktorý dotuje nákup elektromobilov pre jednotlivcov a firmy, čím sa ďalej rozširuje stratégia udržateľnej dopravy v krajine nad rámec osobných vozidiel.

Budovanie ťažkej dopravnej siete

Podľa Medzinárodnej únie cestnej dopravy (IRU) Poľsko prepravuje viac tovaru cestnou dopravou ako ktorákoľvek iná krajina EÚ. Je prirodzenou vstupnou bránou medzi západnou Európou a pobaltskými štátmi, Ukrajinou a Balkánom, čo znamená, že spoľahlivá infraštruktúra s nulovými emisiami v Poľsku bude mať celoeurópsky dosah.

Stanovením jasných energetických požiadaviek a zosúladením projektov s koridormi TEN-T vláda zabezpečuje koordinovaný prístup, a nie izolované projekty. Cieľom je spoľahlivá sieť, v ktorej sa elektrické a vodíkové nákladné vozidlá môžu voľne pohybovať po kľúčových obchodných trasách. Námestník ministra pre klímu a životné prostredie označil program za spôsob, ako posilniť "konkurencieschopnosť poľských prevádzkovateľov nákladnej dopravy" a zároveň znížiť emisie v jednom z najväčších hospodárskych odvetví krajiny.

Poľská vnútroštátna sieť je tiež súčasťou širšej iniciatívy Clean Transport Corridor Initiative. Celkovo deväť krajín EÚ - vrátane Poľska - sa v septembri 2025 zaviazalo urýchliť zavádzanie nabíjacej infraštruktúry pozdĺž kľúčových trás nákladnej dopravy, ako sú severomorsko-baltský a škandinávsko-stredomorský koridor TEN-T.

Pre vozové parky, ktoré pôsobia v celej Európe, táto iniciatíva znamená, že nabíjacia infraštruktúra bude v jednotlivých krajinách štandardizovanejšia a predvídateľnejšia. To pomôže vodičom plánovať cezhraničné trasy s väčšou istotou a zároveň podporí prechod na bezemisnú nákladnú dopravu.

Praktické príležitosti a skutočné výzvy

Pre prevádzkovateľov vozových parkov je načasovanie povzbudivé. Nákladné vozidlá s nulovými emisiami rýchlo vstupujú na európsky trh, pričom v prvej polovici roka 2025 bolo v celej EÚ zaregistrovaných takmer 2 000 ťažkých nákladných elektrických vozidiel s nulovými emisiami.

Existujú však aj výzvy. Pridanie výkonnej nabíjacej kapacity bude znamenať, že prevádzkovatelia sietí, miestne orgány a logistické centrá budú musieť spolupracovať. Takisto bude potrebný čas na zamestnanie technikov s kvalifikáciou na inštaláciu a údržbu vysokonapäťových zariadení.

Okrem toho by pokrok mohli spomaliť aj náklady na vozidlá a prevádzkové faktory. Aj pri štedrých dotáciách musia podniky zvážiť náklady na vlastníctvo elektrických vozidiel, trasy a pripravenosť vozovní.

Čo to znamená pre mobilitu

Pre komunitu cestnej dopravy je poľský program významným míľnikom. Po dokončení jeho nabíjacia a tankovacia sieť prepojí východnú a západnú Európu a podporí čistejšiu a efektívnejšiu nákladnú dopravu.

"Toto je prelomový bod pre ťažkú dopravu," hovorí Nick Renton, vedúci európskej stratégie a rozvoja podnikania v spoločnosti SNAP. "Kroky Poľska ukazujú, že nákladná doprava s nulovými emisiami sa stáva súčasťou každodenného života, a nie dlhodobou víziou. Keďže nabíjacích a tankovacích miest pribúda, prevádzkovatelia budú môcť bez obáv plánovať ekologickejšie jazdy."

S vývojom situácie budeme naďalej podporovať vozové parky v celej Európe prostredníctvom technológií, poznatkov a praktických nástrojov pre vodičov. Naša aplikácia intruck pomáha identifikovať a rezervovať odpočívadlá, tankovacie miesta a bezpečné parkoviská, pričom s otvorením nových miest pribúdajú ďalšie zariadenia s nulovými emisiami. Prevádzkovateľom, ktorí chcú mať náskok pred zmenami v infraštruktúre, poskytuje jasný prehľad o tom, ako sa vyvíja cestná sieť - a kde sa objavujú nové príležitosti.

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pondelok 26 januára 2026 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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