Susie Jones
Consejos para conductores • 3 min leer

Explicación de los controles de la DVSA para vehículos pesados

Creado: 08/08/2024

Actualizado: 08/08/2024

A lo largo de su carrera como conductor de camiones, es posible que la Agencia de Normas para Conductores y Vehículos (DVSA) le detenga. Para los camioneros nuevos en el sector, puede ser un proceso desalentador. Sin embargo, comprender los aspectos esenciales de los controles de camiones de la DVSA puede hacer que el proceso sea menos estresante.

¿Quién es la DVSA?

Según Gov.uk, la DVSA se encarga de "realizar controles en carretera a conductores y vehículos comerciales para asegurarse de que cumplen las normas de seguridad y de que su vehículo es seguro para conducir."

La DVSA puede realizar controles aleatorios de su camión y expedir prohibiciones. Las prohibiciones impiden que un conductor de camión conduzca hasta que se resuelva el problema con su vehículo.

La policía también tiene autoridad para detener a un camionero y realizar controles similares.

¿Cómo son los examinadores de la DVSA?

Hay varias formas de identificar a un examinador de la DVSA. Llevarán chaquetas amarillas de visibilidad con el logotipo de la DVSA y siempre una tarjeta de autorización. Sus vehículos llevan un estampado negro y amarillo con el logotipo de la DVSA en el capó.

¿Qué ocurre si te paran?

No detenerse cuando se lo pide un examinador de la DVSA es una infracción. Si un examinador le pide que se detenga, realizará el control en el arcén o en un centro de inspección específico. El objetivo principal de estas paradas es mantener los vehículos peligrosos fuera de la carretera.

Un examinador realizará las siguientes comprobaciones obligatorias:

  • Comprobación del peso de la carga autorizada y del tipo de carga

  • Comprobación de fallos mecánicos y aptitud para la circulación

  • Garantizar que los registros del tacógrafo son correctos

  • Asegúrate de que tienes un permiso de conducir válido.

¿Cuánto dura un control de la DVSA?

Por término medio, una inspección de la DVSA dura 15 minutos. Sin embargo, en los casos en que el camión no cumpla los requisitos de seguridad, puede llevar más tiempo. El examinador debe realizar las comprobaciones necesarias, independientemente del tiempo.

Cómo asegurarse de que su vehículo está en condiciones de circular

Es responsabilidad del conductor asegurarse de que su camión está en condiciones de circular. Se recomienda realizar una revisión antes de cada viaje.

Compruebe los siguientes elementos:

  • Luces

  • Indicadores

  • Combustible y aceite

  • Neumáticos

  • Fijaciones de rueda

  • Carrocería

  • Acoplamiento del remolque

  • Carga y otros equipos

  • Comprobaciones del vehículo en cabina (por ejemplo, cinturones de seguridad, claxon, limpiaparabrisas, lavaparabrisas, dirección e indicador de altura).

Además, es responsabilidad del camionero informar por escrito a su organización de cualquier defecto. Deberá incluir lo siguiente:

  • Matrícula del vehículo o marca de identificación

  • Fecha de la inspección

  • Detalles de los defectos

  • Nombre de la persona que comunica los defectos.

Responsabilidades del operador

Los operadores de vehículos son responsables de garantizar la seguridad de sus vehículos y deben llevar a cabo lo siguiente:

  • El operador debe garantizar que todos los vehículos comerciales se someten a inspecciones de seguridad periódicas.

  • Deben asegurarse de que sus conductores entienden qué controles deben realizarse.

Prohibiciones de circulación

Si su camión no está en condiciones de circular, la DVSA puede expedirle dos notificaciones de prohibición diferentes: inmediata o diferida.

Aviso de prohibición inmediata:

  • Puede entrar en vigor inmediatamente

  • En la mayoría de los casos, provocará la inmovilización del vehículo

  • Las prohibiciones inmediatas pueden dar lugar a un procesamiento.

Notificación de prohibición diferida:

  • El operador tiene hasta 10 días para resolver los problemas

  • Después de diez días, los agentes volverán a inspeccionar el vehículo

  • Las prohibiciones deben eliminarse antes de que el camión pueda circular.

Prohibiciones de circulación

Si el camión tiene problemas mecánicos o la carrocería y el equipamiento son de mala calidad, se impone una prohibición de circulación. Para los vehículos de fuera del Reino Unido, el conductor recibirá una prohibición inmediata. Para los operadores del Reino Unido, el tipo de prohibición dependerá de la gravedad del defecto.

Defectos menores:

  • Los defectos menores pueden dar lugar a una prohibición diferida

  • El operador tendrá hasta diez días para resolver cualquier defecto

  • A los diez días se realizará una nueva inspección.

Defectos graves:

  • El conductor recibirá una prohibición marcada con una "S" por defecto grave

  • Una prohibición marcada con una "S" se produce cuando hay un problema de mantenimiento

  • Si el examinador decide que no existe un riesgo inmediato, pueden aplazarse las prohibiciones

  • El vehículo será inmovilizado y usted podría ser procesado.

Una prohibición marcada con una 'S' no se producirá para lo siguiente:

  • Si surge algún problema durante el viaje

  • No se ha podido detectar el problema (por ejemplo, un defecto en la parte inferior).

Prohibiciones de sobrecarga

Si el vehículo está sobrecargado, un examinador de la DVSA puede inmovilizarlo. Alternativamente, el examinador puede dirigir el camión a un lugar cercano donde se pueda redistribuir o retirar la carga. El operador del vehículo recibirá un aviso.

Prohibiciones de horas del conductor

Los conductores que no respeten las normas sobre el tacógrafo y las horas de conducción recibirán una prohibición. Hacerlo puede acarrear una multa, un proceso judicial o la inmovilización del vehículo.

Más información sobre normas y reglamentos sobre tacógrafos

Aunque los exámenes de la DVSA pueden ser una perspectiva desalentadora para los conductores de camiones, es innegable que constituyen una fuerza positiva para la seguridad vial. Si te aseguras de que llevas a cabo las comprobaciones correctas y sigues las normas y reglamentos esenciales, el examen de la DVSA te saldrá redondo.

¿Cuánto tiempo debe conservar las hojas de defectos de los camiones?

La implantación de un sistema de notificación de defectos nulos puede ser su primera línea de defensa a la hora de demostrar que sus vehículos están en condiciones de circular. Los trabajos de rectificación de defectos deben notificarse y conservarse durante un máximo de 15 meses. Cuando no haya defectos, la empresa debe mantener registros para garantizar que los conductores realizan sus comprobaciones.

¿Con qué frecuencia necesita un reconocimiento médico para conservar el carné?

Para obtener y mantener una licencia HGV, es obligatorio realizar un examen médico HGV - sin esto, no se le expedirá una licencia.

Para los conductores menores de 45 años, el reconocimiento médico durará hasta que cumplan 45 años. Sin embargo, después de esta edad, deberá pasar el reconocimiento médico cada cinco años hasta los 65 años. Los conductores de 65 años o más deberán pasar la evaluación médica cada año.

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viernes 29 mayo 2026 • Consejos para conductores

DE LA LUCHA A LA FUERZA: CÓMO DARREN WRIGHT AYUDA A LOS VETERANOS A RECONSTRUIR SUS VIDAS A TRAVÉS DE LA LOGÍSTICA

Ellie Aldous

For many veterans, leaving the armed forces can mean losing far more than a career. It can mean losing structure, identity, purpose and community.For Darren Wright, founder of Veterans into Logistics, that transition was deeply personal.After serving nearly six years in the British Army, including a tour of Afghanistan as an air defence gunner, Darren struggled following his own transition into civilian life. He experienced homelessness, mental health challenges, the breakdown of his marriage and eventually served a custodial sentence.Rather than defining him, those experiences became the driving force behind a mission that is now changing lives across the UK.“I rebuilt my life through HGV driving,” Darren explains. “And I realised that if it could help me rebuild my life, it could help other veterans rebuild theirs too.”Founded in 2020, Veterans Into Logistics supports ex-service personnel into sustainable careers within the logistics industry by helping them gain HGV licences, training and employment opportunities.The organisation was inspired in part by the loss of Darren’s friend Jamie Doyle, a former Royal Artillery soldier who tragically died less than six months after leaving the military.“Jamie had served 22 years and was heavily decorated,” Darren says. “But like many veterans, he struggled with the transition. 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viernes 29 mayo 2026 • Consejos para conductores

HABLAR ANTES DE QUE SE VACÍE EL DEPÓSITO: ROMPER EL ESTIGMA Y EL SILENCIO EN EL SECTOR DEL TRANSPORTE.

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martes 26 mayo 2026 • Consejos para conductores

PROCEDIMIENTOS SEGUROS DE CARGA Y DESCARGA PARA EVITAR LESIONES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICAS

Evelyn Long

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