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Noticias del sector • 4 min leer

Qué significa el registro digital obligatorio en España para las flotas que operan en Europa

Creado: 16/12/2025

Actualizado: 16/12/2025

España se prepara para una de las reformas del transporte más importantes de su historia reciente. La Ley de Movilidad Sostenible, que recibió su aprobación definitiva en noviembre de 2025, introducirá registros digitales obligatorios para la documentación de control del transporte de mercancías por carretera, creando un sistema más transparente, aplicable y eficiente para los transportistas nacionales e internacionales.

Aunque se trata de un cambio nacional importante, forma parte de una tendencia más amplia. En toda Europa, gobiernos y operadores avanzan hacia un entorno de transporte de mercancías totalmente digital, a medida que la UE se prepara para aplicar el Reglamento relativo a la información electrónica sobre el transporte de mercancías (eFTI).

Para las flotas que trabajan dentro y fuera de España, este es el comienzo de una importante transición. Señala un futuro en el que la documentación en papel se convertirá en la excepción y no en la regla, y en el que los procesos digitales permitirán controles más rápidos, operaciones más fluidas y una mayor coherencia transfronteriza.

Qué cambia la Ley de Movilidad española

Aunque la Ley de Movilidad Sostenible aborda amplias reformas del transporte -desde la movilidad urbana hasta las restricciones a los vuelos nacionales-, las disposiciones más relevantes para los operadores internacionales de transporte de mercancías se centran en la documentación digital. Una sección central de la ley introduce un "documento de control" digital obligatorio para el transporte de mercancías por carretera. Esto incluye el uso de formatos digitales aprobados, como la carta de porte electrónica (eCMR), que España ya ha ratificado y considera legalmente equivalente a la carta CMR en papel.

La ley pretende reducir las cargas administrativas, eliminar incoherencias en el papeleo y acortar el tiempo necesario para los controles e inspecciones. En lugar de basarse en notas manuscritas o documentos físicos que pueden extraviarse, los transportistas almacenarán, compartirán y verificarán digitalmente la información sobre el transporte. Para los operadores, esto debería significar menos disputas sobre la documentación, menos ambigüedad en torno a los requisitos de cumplimiento y mayor seguridad a la hora de prepararse para auditorías o revisiones reglamentarias.

En la práctica, la obligación se centra primero en el documento de control digital utilizado para los controles reglamentarios y en carretera, pero se espera que acelere un uso más amplio del eCMR y de otros documentos digitales de transporte de mercancías en toda la cadena de suministro.

El calendario de aplicación comenzará una vez que la ley se publique en el Boletín Oficial del Estado. Los transportistas deben esperar que la obligación del documento de control digital entre en vigor aproximadamente diez meses después de la publicación, por lo que 2026 es el año probable en que se exigirá el pleno cumplimiento.

A quién se aplican los cambios

La Ley de Movilidad se aplica a las operaciones de transporte por carretera sujetas a las normas de control españolas en territorio español, no sólo a las empresas registradas en España. Los transportistas tendrán que asegurarse de que sus sistemas pueden producir y transmitir registros digitales en formatos conformes. Cualquier retraso en la adopción de la documentación digital podría ralentizar las inspecciones o alterar los horarios de los clientes.

Esto significa que los operadores extranjeros que transportan cargas internacionales hacia, desde o a través de España deben prever la posibilidad de proporcionar el documento de control requerido en formato digital cuando lo soliciten las autoridades españolas.

Cómo encaja la Ley de Movilidad española en la transición digital más amplia de Europa

Las reformas españolas se alinean estrechamente con el Reglamento eFTI de la UE, que obligará a los Estados miembros a aceptar la documentación digital del transporte de mercancías una vez que las normas técnicas y de certificación estén en vigor (a partir de mediados de 2027). eFTI establece un marco unificado sobre cómo se estructura, transmite y verifica la información. Aunque obliga a las autoridades a aceptar los registros digitales, no obliga a los operadores a utilizarlos. Por ello, la Ley de Movilidad española va más allá y hace obligatorios los documentos de control digitales para el transporte de mercancías por carretera.

En virtud de la eFTI, los transportistas podrán facilitar información sobre el transporte de mercancías por vía electrónica a través de plataformas certificadas. Las autoridades competentes recibirán esa información a través de canales digitales seguros. Esto debería reducir las fricciones administrativas en las rutas de transporte de mercancías más transitadas de la UE.

España no es el único país que ha dado los primeros pasos. Varios países de la UE ya han avanzado hacia sistemas de transporte de mercancías sin papel y su experiencia demuestra cómo podría ser un entorno totalmente digital.

Los Países Bajos han sido uno de los primeros en adoptar el eCMR y han puesto a prueba flujos de trabajo digitales integrales en distintos modos de transporte.

● Francia también se adelantó, apoyando la documentación digital y unos controles en carretera más rápidos tras su ratificación del protocolo eCMR.

● En la región del Benelux, Bélgica, Luxemburgo y los Países Bajos están llevando a cabo un piloto conjunto de eCMR y corredor logístico digital, que ilustra cómo puede funcionar la documentación interoperable más allá de las fronteras nacionales.

Dinamarca y Suecia han puesto en marcha pruebas nacionales de flete electrónico para simplificar el intercambio de información sobre transporte.

En conjunto, estos ejemplos demuestran que la Ley de Movilidad española forma parte de una transición europea más amplia. En lugar de mantenerse al margen, España se está moviendo al ritmo de un cambio continental hacia la documentación digital que tiene como objetivo hacer que el transporte de mercancías por carretera sea más rápido, más transparente y más coherente a través de las fronteras.

Ventajas operativas para las flotas

El paso a los registros digitales aporta varias ventajas prácticas. Los documentos digitales reducen el tiempo que los conductores y los agentes de control dedican al papeleo y acortan las inspecciones durante los controles en carretera. Esto refleja los beneficios observados con la introducción de los tacógrafos inteligentes de segunda generación, que han reducido las paradas innecesarias de los conductores que cumplen la normativa y han mejorado la coherencia de la aplicación en toda Europa.

La documentación digital también elimina los errores que pueden surgir de las notas manuscritas o las notas en papel dañadas. Los gestores de flotas pueden recuperar registros al instante, resolver errores más fácilmente y mantener una supervisión más clara de la documentación en múltiples rutas. Para los operadores que gestionan horarios complejos, esta mayor previsibilidad favorece una mejor planificación y un mejor servicio al cliente.

Es probable que los conductores también se beneficien. El paso a los registros digitales reduce la presión administrativa y ayuda a evitar desacuerdos en los puntos de entrega. Con todos los documentos almacenados digitalmente, los conductores disponen de una única fuente de verdad aceptada en toda la cadena de suministro.

Retos para los que hay que prepararse

Es posible que las flotas tengan que invertir en sistemas de gestión del transporte actualizados o integrar nuevas herramientas compatibles con la documentación digital. Los operadores pueden necesitar apoyo y formación adicionales para pasar de los procesos basados en papel a los nuevos flujos de trabajo digitales.

También habrá un periodo de adaptación en el que los sistemas en papel y los digitales podrán coexistir. A medida que la eFTI se establezca en toda Europa, algunos países avanzarán más rápido que otros. Los operadores que se desplacen a través de distintas fronteras pueden encontrarse con expectativas diferentes, sobre todo en los primeros años.

A lo largo de esta transición, el bienestar de los conductores debe seguir siendo una prioridad. La carga administrativa asociada a los nuevos procesos suele recaer en los conductores. Una formación clara y sistemas sencillos serán esenciales.

Cómo SNAP puede apoyar su transición

La Ley de Movilidad española marca un momento importante en la evolución del transporte de mercancías europeo. Refleja un sector que se moderniza a gran velocidad y se prepara para un futuro basado en flujos de trabajo digitales en lugar de en papeleo manual. Los operadores que empiecen a prepararse ahora se encontrarán en una posición ventajosa cuando entren en vigor los requisitos españoles sobre documentos de control digitales y la eFTI entre en vigor en toda Europa.

En SNAP, ayudamos a las flotas de toda España y del resto del continente con herramientas que hacen que las operaciones diarias sean más sencillas y predecibles. La aplicación intruck ayuda a los conductores a localizar y reservar aparcamiento seguro a lo largo de su ruta, lo que resulta especialmente valioso a medida que evolucionan los procesos de cumplimiento normativo.

Si su flota se está preparando para los nuevos requisitos de España o para la transición digital en toda Europa, SNAP está aquí para ayudarle en cada paso del camino.

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martes 03 febrero 2026 • Noticias del sector

EL AUGE DE LOS CORREDORES LOGÍSTICOS INTEGRADOS: POR QUÉ SON IMPORTANTES PARA LOS TRANSPORTISTAS

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miércoles 10 diciembre 2025 • Noticias del sector

PRESUPUESTO DEL REINO UNIDO PARA 2025: LO QUE SIGNIFICA PARA EL TRANSPORTE

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The arrives at a difficult moment for the road transport sector. Operators are working against rising wages and operating costs, tight margins, ageing infrastructure and ongoing pressures around recruitment. At the same time, the shift towards cleaner mobility is accelerating, creating new expectations and increasing the need for long-term investment.The following article outlines what the Budget means for infrastructure, investment, workforce costs and the wider operating environment for haulage.For many years, fleets have been affected by deteriorating roads, weight restrictions on ageing bridges and the growing unpredictability of journey times. Government and industry data makes this clear. More than one in every ten miles of network in England and Wales is likely to require maintenance within the next year, according to reporting, and the backlogs for resurfacing work continue to rise. 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lunes 03 noviembre 2025 • Noticias del sector

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