Susie Jones
News & Updates • 3 min read

Autonomous trucks: Untangling the road ahead

Created: 16/05/2025

Updated: 23/05/2025

Autonomous trucks - a daunting idea for some, but seemingly, the future of the logistics industry. As technology advances within the sector, the prospect of having partially or fully autonomous vehicles delivering your goods is high. In fact, it could be as close as 2026, according to the UK government, as in May 2024, the Automated Vehicles (AV) Act became law.

However, what happens when an autonomous truck gets into an accident? Who is liable? In this blog, we'll delve into the world of autonomy, how it could impact the mobility sector, who is liable when accidents occur, and what drivers think of the change.

What are the different levels of automation?

There are six levels of driving automation:

• Level 0 - No automation. The human performs all driving tasks.

• Level 1 - Driver assistance. The vehicle features a single automated system.

• Level 2 - Partial automation. The vehicle can perform steering and acceleration. However, a human still monitors all tasks and can take control at all times.

• Level 3 - Conditional automation. The vehicle can perform most driving tasks. However, human override is still required.

• Level 4 - High automation. Geofencing is required, and the vehicle can perform all driving tasks under specific circumstances. Human override is an option.

• Level 5 - Full automation. The vehicle performs all driving tasks in all conditions. No human attention or interaction is required.

How do autonomous trucks work?

Sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence enable autonomous trucks to drive independently. Advanced programs make decisions instead of human drivers.

The issues the industry could face

• Legalities - Who is liable when accidents occur? Is it the driver, their employer, or the maintenance company? We delve into this below.

• Infrastructure - Our existing roads are built for a world of petrol engines. Therefore, infrastructure must be upgraded or replaced to support self-driving vehicle fleets, requiring money and a substantial amount of political will.

• Societal shifts - An evolution in public attitudes will need to occur, too. The prospect of AI vehicles is daunting to many, with concerns regarding safety, journey tracking, and the legal grey areas regarding road accidents.

• Security - A system relying on digital networks becomes more vulnerable to cyber threats.

What do truck drivers think of autonomous trucks?

The safety of autonomous trucks has been a hot topic of discussion within the sector, with many debating whether the technology is at a reliable standard to deal with unpredictable weather and recognise obstacles - something that is of concern for truck drivers on SNAP's social media pages:

"In the slightest bit of rain, my truck loses all automatic capabilities, AEBS, and cruise control. There is no way trucks will be allowed to drive themselves without a driver anytime soon."

“This will kill more people on the roads and cause more queues. Just think how reliable your electronics are on your Euro 6 vehicle. The same people are making autonomous trucks.”

Legalities - who is responsible when accidents occur?

In the event of an accident, responsibility may shift between the driver and the manufacturer. The court must determine whether an accident was caused by a technical fault, inadequate maintenance, or driver error.

Manufacturer liability

A manufacturer will become liable in the following instances: • Sensor malfunction

• Software glitches

• Inadequate cybersecurity measures

• Inadequate testing

Driver/fleet liability

A driver of an autonomous truck may be liable for an accident if they neglect the necessary service or maintenance required for the vehicle to operate properly - one could argue that this liability could fall on fleet managers, too.

Despite this, there is still some confusion among those in the mobility sector. We asked truck drivers on our social media pages who they believe would be held liable in the event of an accident with an autonomous vehicle. 51% of drivers thought the driver would be responsible, 37% suggested automated truck manufacturers, and 12% believed software developers.

It's evident that more clarification is needed among those in the sector before autonomous trucks are a permanent fixture on our roads.

What does the future look like?

In their revisited TruckPark of the Future campaign, SNAP looks at the future of the mobility sector. As technology advances, autonomous vehicles will play a significant role in the industry, with a 50% chance that machines could take over all human jobs in the next 120 years.

However, how will they deal with some of Europe's most hazardous highways?

Truck driving is more than just sitting behind the wheel - it's often about navigating ever-changing and unpredictable road conditions. It poses the question of whether autonomous trucks could deal with some of the poorest roads in Europe. From their most recent campaign, Hazardous Highways, SNAP identified Europe's most dangerous roads, with results showing Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Czechia as the most concerning.

One could argue that autonomous trucks will face challenges while trying to navigate some of these roads without human interaction. Limited GPS accuracy, sensor interference, and a lack of consistent infrastructure could complicate things.

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Thursday 08 January 2026 • News & Updates

SUTTERTON TRUCK STOP: RAISING THE STANDARD FOR DRIVER COMFORT AND SAFETY

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Situated on the A17 and a short drive from Boston is , a haven for truck drivers transporting goods along this stretch of road. The location provides not only a truck stop with the usual amenities one would expect clean showers, toilets, shop, and refuelling options but it also presents drivers with the choice to dine at the Roadside Diner, providing visitors with an American-themed restaurant with a variety of meals. We sat down with Director James Townsend to discuss improvements to the site, driver welfare, site security, and their long-standing relationship with SNAP. explains James. The site has undergone a major refurbishment, prioritising the needs of truck drivers. Nestled inside the truck stop is the new roadside diner. James and the team have recently taken back ownership of this and refurbished it. James says. He goes on to explain that it was more than upgrading existing facilities, but providing drivers with the right facilities to make the site a home away from home. SNAP asked truck drivers parking at Sutterton what they thought of the new facilities on offer. One driver commented:When it came to the design of the truck park, the site worked closely with SNAP to maximise the site’s potential:Driver welfare still remains a huge priority for those working in the industry, with investment into truck parking lacking, something James is all too aware of after working with the DFT. he explains. While investment is valuable, directing it into the right facilities for truck drivers is also imperative. James states. James and the rest of the team work closely with SNAP’s UK Network Team as well as , providing them with a single, clear point of contact should any issues arise. explains James. Having the support in place for complaints and technical issues is a major advantage for a truck stop like Sutterton, which often manages competing demands. Working with SNAP has delivered additional benefits as well, as James goes on to say:To ensure truck drivers get a good night’s rest, ensuring the site is as safe and secure as possible was vital for Sutterton Truck Stop. Working with SNAP Access & Security from the outset has allowed James and the team to do exactly that. says James. The site is a firm believer in training its staff to deal with incidents if they occur. Inspired by what you’ve just read? Catch the full interview with

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Friday 19 December 2025 • News & Updates

IS YOUR FLEET A TARGET? PRIORITISING SECURITY IN A TECH-SAVVY WORLD

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Cybersecurity readiness must be a top priority for fleet owners and managers in the United Kingdom. The rapid digital transformation in the transportation and logistics industry has made fleets attractive targets for hackers. Learn about the cybersecurity trends fleet operators must be aware of and strategies you should adopt to lower your susceptibility to attacks.The advent of connected vehicles, push for fleet electrification, integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and reliance on automation have expanded the attack surface opportunistic cybercriminals can exploit to infiltrate your network.Vulnerable telematics back-end systems, insecure over-the-air firmware updates and buggy APIs are common entry points for phishers, data thieves, business saboteurs and ransomware attackers. Threat actors are also increasingly leveraging artificial intelligence to launch more believable scams.Falling victim to a cyberattack can cause more than extended, unscheduled downtime. A high-profile security incident can inflict severe reputational damage on your organisation and harm your business in the long term.Although your cyber insurance coverage may compensate you millions for losses, the financial impact can lead to insolvency — as happened to KNP Logistics in June 2025. An Akira ransomware attack exacerbated this major logistics group’s preexisting financial struggles, and let go of 730 employees.Every business is at risk from cyberattacks, but these strategies can help make your fleet management software and vehicles less vulnerable.A robust threat intelligence platform strengthens cybersecurity, as it allows you to proactively defend your assets from malicious actors and minimise your losses if they target you. Here are the primary ways to use threat intel to improve your security posture:Contextualisation enables your team to identify the perpetrators behind specific attacks, understand their motives and capabilities, determine what they want from your organisation, and comprehend their methods. Context transforms raw threat data into actionable intelligence, enabling you to inform your decision-making.Attackers evolve, so learning how they operated in the past is not enough to accurately anticipate their future actions. A threat intelligence platform can help you keep pace with known malicious actors and familiarise your team with relatively unknown ones. Some organisations use deception technologies to lure cybercriminals and watch them in action in a controlled environment.A software solution that can integrate into your company’s existing tools breaks down silos and allows threat intelligence to flow freely across teams. Cross-departmental collaboration is the key to implementing an organisation-wide cybersecurity strategy effectively.A threat intelligence platform can monitor your network activity and sense attack patterns early enough to notify your Security Operations Centre or IT professionals immediately. Early detection is vital to count threats before they infiltrate deeply into your system and cause more harm.Responding to urgent incidents involves less manual work with a threat intelligence platform. This software solution can orchestrate essential tasks to mitigate breaches, enabling your in-house cybersecurity professionals to focus on activities where human input is more impactful.Regulatory frameworks and data privacy standards are becoming more stringent over time. A threat intelligence platform aids compliance by ensuring that your team handles sensitive data responsibly and generates detailed reports to document your best practices.Zero trust minimises the likelihood of unauthorised access to fleet management systems by continuously verifying every user and device and enforcing identity-centric access control.This approach acknowledges that threats can come from within the organisation. Assuming that each request may come from a malicious actor reflects the level of vigilance you must exercise to protect your operation from sophisticated attacks and help your team adapt to complex, dynamic environments involving remote users, IoT devices and cloud services.After verification, zero trust gives users and devices just enough access to perform specific tasks. The principle of least privilege enables effective threat containment if a cybercriminal gets in.According to Cybersecurity Insiders’ 2024 Insider Threat Report, insider threat attacks have spiked. In October 2024, 51% of the 413 respondents in IT and cybersecurity reportedly over the past year. 29% reported spending over $1 million on remediation.The adoption of new technologies is a primary driver behind the rise in these cyberattacks. Investing in employee training is crucial for preventing team members from becoming insider threats.Provide target users with sufficient resources to familiarise themselves with the technologies. Highlight the ways they may inadvertently leak sensitive information or compromise the system. Tell them the red flags to watch out for to identify malicious schemes and teach them safe, responsible ways to deal with cybercriminals.Tight physical security can safeguard your assets from digital hijackers. 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Monday 08 December 2025 • News & Updates

TRUCK TRENDS: PREDICTIONS FOR 2026

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Major changes are coming for the mobility sector.The next 12 months will bring some of the most significant regulatory and technological shifts European transport has seen in years. New emissions rules, driver-monitoring systems, hydrogen trials and autonomous pilots will reshape how fleets operate across the UK and EU.For operators and professional drivers, understanding these changes now will make the difference between adapting confidently and struggling to keep up. come into force in 2026, introducing new requirements for fleets. Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide limits will tighten further, with the permitted particle size dropping from 23 nanometres to 10. In addition, for the first time.Every new truck sold will need to comply with Euro VII. While vehicle pricing is likely to be affected, the bigger impact will fall on procurement timelines, fleet renewal cycles and long-term decarbonisation.. These monitor eye and head movement to identify early signs of fatigue or inattention, enabling safer interventions and supporting accident-reduction goals across Europe. By 2029, new cab designs must minimise blind spots through improved glass visibility rather than camera reliance. This will particularly influence urban operations, vulnerable road user safety and future vehicle specification.. After years of exemption, this change effectively brings smaller commercial vehicles under full drivers’ hours enforcement.For operators with mixed fleets, this means introducing:● new driver cards● regular data downloads● updated monitoring processes● revised routing and rest-time planningThousands of vehicles that previously operated freely will need compliance systems in place almost immediately. requires companies with more than 250 employees or €40 million revenue to collect and report verified CO₂ emissions – including Scope 3 transport activity.This will cascade through supply chains. Smaller hauliers without reliable emissions reporting risk losing access to larger contracts, accelerating the push toward better data systems and standardised reporting.Electric HGV production will rise rapidly in 2026. are all expanding manufacturing capacity.To support this, electric charging is also expanding. , as part of HyHAUL's M4 corridor project. Three refuelling stations, each supplying up to two tonnes of hydrogen daily, support the pilot. If successful, the project aims for 30 trucks on the road by the end of 2026 and 300 by 2030. Alongside this, . Five more will follow by 2027.Vehicle manufacturers are taking different approaches to developing hydrogen-fuelled trucks: ● and DAF are planning similar systems. ● will introduce its next-generation hydrogen fuel cell stack in 2026 with improved durability and lower operating costs.Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is emerging as a notable transitional fuel for haulage in 2026, thanks to two factors: stricter biofuel mandates in north-western Europe and its compatibility with existing diesel engines. Reports by confirm that HVO is a “drop-in” fuel: it can be used in many existing heavy-duty vehicles without engine or infrastructure changes, which gives operators a practical pathway to immediate CO₂ reductions. Meanwhile, forecast that HVO consumption could reach record highs in 2026. Germany alone may need an additional 1.5 million tonnes – almost four times 2025 levels – to meet demand. Although uptake remains modest when compared with battery-electric or hydrogen alternatives, the current regulatory push and infrastructure compatibility mean HVO is likely to gain traction in 2026.From spring 2026, in controlled zones – a full year ahead of plans. Enabled by the , this transition supports an industry expected to contribute £42 billion to the UK economy by 2035 and create an estimated 38,000 jobs. Germany is close behind. , supported by €20 million in seed funding. Across northern Europe, autonomous freight along the 1,200-km Rotterdam-Oslo corridor. The programme runs until March 2026 and examines how autonomous vehicles perform across borders, terrain types and logistics hubs.In Sweden, already move goods between warehouses, processing five million data points per second. Their controlled deployments demonstrate the potential for automation in predictable, repeatable routes.Despite this progress, humans will continue to play a central role. . So while automation will support specific functions, such as port operations, depot shuttles and fixed urban routes, long-haul and complex international transport will remain human-led.The scale and speed of change arriving in 2026 is unlike any previous year for European road transport. Multiple regulatory, technological and sustainability shifts will land simultaneously, reshaping how fleets operate across borders."The operators who succeed in 2026 won't be those who resist change but those who prepare for it systematically," says Nick Long, European Strategic Partnership and Development Manager at SNAP. "We're working with fleets across Europe to build the infrastructure that tomorrow's industry needs. Secure parking. Integrated payments for new toll structures. The building blocks of success are available now for those ready to use them."SNAP helps fleets prepare for the future with integrated solutions for parking, payments and fleet management across Europe. Visit snapacc.com to discover how we can support your transition to 2026 and beyond.