Susie Jones
Notícias do sector • 3 min ler

O caminho para a sustentabilidade: O desafio europeu das emissões no sector dos transportes

Criado: 08/08/2024

Atualizado: 08/08/2024

Um relatório de 2024 da Clean Technica revelou que mais de 25% das emissões do tráfego rodoviário provêm do sector dos transportes na Europa - sendo os veículos pesados responsáveis por 85% das emissões (os autocarros e camionetas representam o restante).

Ao ritmo atual, o sector dos transportes representará, por si só, quase metade das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa da Europa em 2030 - as emissões dos transportes na Europa continuaram a aumentar em mais de um quarto desde 1990. As emissões em toda a economia diminuíram - contudo, desde o pico atingido em 2007, o sector dos transportes tem vindo a descarbonizar-se mais três vezes mais lentamenter do que o resto da economia.

Qual é a causa do aumento das emissões de CO2 no sector dos transportes?

Desde a proliferação do comércio eletrónico e dos serviços de entrega ao domicílio, a procura de mais camiões na estrada aumentou significativamente. Consequentemente, o aumento da procura resultou num aumento das emissões de CO2 no sector dos transportes.

Um relatório da [Clean Technica] (https://cleantechnica.com/2024/05/13/eu-wisely-stiffens-road-freight-passenger-emissions-guidance/) sobre a tonelagem do transporte doméstico de mercadorias em diferentes modos (rodoviário, ferroviário e marítimo) revelou que o transporte rodoviário de mercadorias é mais dominante na Europa do que o ferroviário e marítimo, em comparação com outras regiões (EUA e Índia). Embora a China esteja mais dependente do transporte rodoviário de mercadorias, o relatório revelou que o país operava com cerca de 600 000 camiões eléctricos para entregar mercadorias.

Que planos estão a ser implementados na Europa para reduzir as emissões de CO2?

O Parlamento Europeu adoptou a [Lei Europeia do Clima] (https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-climate-law_en#:~:text=The%20European%20Climate%20Law%20writes,2030%2C%20compared%20to%201990%20levels.) para fazer face ao aumento das emissões de CO2. Como parte desta lei, o objetivo da UE de reduzir as emissões líquidas de gases com efeito de estufa até 2030 foi aumentado para, pelo menos, 55% - tornando a neutralidade climática até 2050 juridicamente vinculativa.

Em maio de 2024, os países da UE aprovaram uma lei para reduzir as emissões de CO2 dos camiões. A nova lei exigirá que os novos veículos pesados vendidos na UE a partir de 2040 sejam isentos de emissões, impondo simultaneamente uma redução de 90% das emissões de CO2 dos novos veículos pesados de mercadorias até ao mesmo ano. Os fabricantes devem vender uma grande quantidade de veículos pesados totalmente isentos de CO2 - por exemplo, veículos eléctricos e a hidrogénio - para compensar as restantes vendas de veículos que emitem CO

Que acções podem os gestores de frotas tomar para reduzir as emissões de CO2?

Os gestores de frotas podem adotar medidas para reduzir as suas emissões de CO2:

  • A travagem brusca, a aceleração rápida e o ralenti podem aumentar o consumo de combustível e as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa - Embora a monitorização do comportamento do condutor possa ser um desafio, a tecnologia de IA pode fornecer feedback contínuo aos condutores e gestores de frotas. Saiba mais sobre como a IA pode ter um impacto positivo na sustentabilidade no sector dos transportes.

  • As frotas com veículos mais antigos podem mudar para veículos pesados de mercadorias movidos a óleo vegetal tratado com hidrogénio (HVO), hidrogénio ou eletricidade para reduzir significativamente as emissões. No entanto, os gestores de frotas devem ter em conta a distância que os veículos alimentados por combustíveis alternativos podem percorrer e as implicações em termos de custos.

  • A [Conta SNAP] (https://snapacc.com/) permite aos gestores de frotas reduzir a quilometragem dos desvios - com mais de 600 parceiros de serviços disponíveis para os clientes da Conta SNAP, os gestores de frotas podem planear paragens nocturnas para os seus condutores durante o percurso.

Existem infra-estruturas para carregar veículos pesados de mercadorias eléctricos?

De acordo com um [estudo da PwC] (https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/de/en/industries/transport/the-dawn-of-electrified-trucking.html), até 2030, um terço de todos os camiões na Europa serão eléctricos. Uma vez que as empresas de frotas estão a tomar medidas no sentido da eletrificação, as paragens de camiões em toda a Europa têm de ser capazes de satisfazer a procura de estações de carregamento elétrico.

A disponibilização da infraestrutura terá um custo para muitas paragens de camiões e estações de serviço. No entanto, aqueles que já dispõem de carregadores para veículos eléctricos estão bem posicionados para tirar partido das futuras vagas de camiões eléctricos. Até 2030, as estações de carregamento públicas na Europa aumentarão para mais de 3.600 - A UE apresentou uma lei ambiciosa para o carregamento com o Regulamento de Infra-estruturas para Combustíveis Alternativos (AFIR). O AFIR planeia equipar a rede rodoviária principal com parques de carregamento a cada 60 km - fornecendo energia de carregamento e capacidade de hidrogénio suficientes para que 9% das frotas de camiões e autocarros tenham emissões zero até 2030.

Qual é o país europeu com mais emissões de CO2?

Em 2021, a Alemanha, a França e a Itália foram responsáveis pelas maiores emissões globais de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) - variando entre [375 000 e 740 000 kton de CO2] (https://ccpi.org/which-european-countries-are-the-worst-climate-polluters-and-why/). No entanto, os países com maiores populações produzem mais emissões de GEE - por conseguinte, a visualização das emissões globais de gases com efeito de estufa fornece uma imagem distorcida.

Uma visão imparcial das emissões oferece uma perspetiva diferente: o Luxemburgo, a Irlanda e a República Checa produziram as emissões per capita mais elevadas da UE em 2021.

Qual é a forma mais ecológica de transportar mercadorias?

O transporte de mercadorias por caminho de ferro é um dos modos de transporte mais limpos, mas também oferece outros benefícios:

  • Reduz o congestionamento rodoviário, o que contribui para melhorar a qualidade do ar.

  • O caminho de ferro oferece uma forma mais rápida de transportar mercadorias e elimina os obstáculos ao tráfego pesado.

Os camiões de combustível alternativo são outra forma amiga do ambiente de transportar mercadorias. O óleo vegetal tratado com hidrogénio (HVO) pode reduzir imediatamente até 90% das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa em comparação com o gasóleo normal ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto. A Certas Energy HVO está por detrás da mudança para uma alternativa mais limpa - ajudando as empresas a atingir os seus objectivos de sustentabilidade e a dar passos significativos em direção ao seu futuro líquido zero.

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segunda-feira 12 agosto 2024 • Notícias do sector

COMPREENDER AS NOVAS TAXAS DE PORTAGEM PARA CAMIÕES NA ALEMANHA

Susie Jones

With the ongoing changes to Germany's truck toll system, it's easy to get lost in the many alterations and regulations. Almost of local truck journeys, covering roughly 200 kilometres, are already on toll roads highlighting the impact German tolls have on fleet expenditure. With the rise in toll rates, these new changes are hitting fleet companies hard. Changes to the toll in 2023 and 2024 resulted from the German government supporting The Toll Amendment Act, which adopts the following:• New toll rates• The introduction of CO2 emissions tolls• Removing toll exemption for natural gas vehicles• Extending the toll to vehicles with a permissible total weight of over 3.5 tonnes.Toll rates rose at the beginning of 2023. Three factors were decisive:• Number of axles• Emissions class• Permissible total weight of the vehicle combination.December saw the introduction of CO2 emission classes as a new tariff criterion. Calculated on a surcharge of 200 euros per tonne of CO2 emissions this is levied on all vehicles with a permissible total weight of over 7.5 tonnes. Individual surcharge amounts, in addition to the current toll, depend on emission class.• Class 1 HGVs with the highest CO2 emissions and, therefore, the highest possible surcharge. , which collects truck tolls in Germany, classifies all registered vehicles in this emission class fleet operators must contact them to apply for a better classification if eligible.• Classes 2 and 3 Both classes are assigned when entering vehicle details into the TollCollect portal.• Class 4 Low-emission trucks, for example, natural gas vehicles.• Class 5 Zero-emission trucks.On the 1st of January 2024, the toll exemption for vehicles powered by natural gas was no longer applicable.Tolls will be due for all vehicles with a technically permissible total weight of more than 3.5 tonnes. There are a few exemptions to this new change:• Emission-free vehicles with a technically permissible total weight of more than 4.25 tonnes.• Emission-free heavy commercial vehicles This exemption is effective until late December 2025.• Vehicles used by trade businesses Applicable for vehicles with a total weight of less than 7.5 tonnes.Before the 1st of July, you will need to check whether your vehicles are subject to toll, and if they are, how you want to pay the toll.• Check part one of the vehicle registration certificate in field F1. If your vehicle has a Technically Permissible Maximum Laden Mass (TPMLM) of more than 3.5 tonnes, you are subject to paying the toll. HGVs with a TPMLM of exactly 3.5 tonnes or less will not be subject to toll charges.• Vehicle combinations if the towing vehicle has a TPMLM of over 3.5 tonnes, you are subject to toll. A combination with a TPMLM over 3.5 tonnes will not be subject to toll charges if the towing vehicle has a TPMLM of 3.5 tonnes or under.• Vehicle toll requirements apply to vehicles intended or used for road haulage.• Trade businesses are from tolls under certain conditions.The most convenient way to pay is with an onboard unit (OBU) provided by Toll Collect, European Electronic Toll Service (EETS) providers, or their sales partners.Paying with an OBU requires registering with Toll Collect and arranging an installation appointment after installation, set the weight as "<7.5 tonnes". With an OBU, the automatic collection will occur on motorways and federal roads from the 1st of July, 2024.Alternatively, you can pay the toll on the Toll Collect or via their before starting your journey.To be eligible for the craftsperson exemption, the following applies:• Only employees of the trade business can drive the vehicle.• The materials, equipment, or machines transported must be necessary to carry out the services and work of the trade business.• The handcrafted goods transported must be produced, processed, or repaired in the tradesperson's business.You can register your trade vehicles online at . Trade businesses can discover more information about the exceptions on Toll Collect's page.There are commercial truck bans on driving during certain times to reduce traffic and keep roads safe. The ban is applicable on Sundays, meaning truck drivers with a truck weighing over 7.5 tonnes cannot move it from 12 am to 10 pm. In addition, there is also a driving ban on the following public holidays:• New Year's Day 1st of January• Good Friday 18th of April• Easter Monday 21st of April• Labour Day 1st of May• Ascension Day 29th of May• Whitsun 8th of June• German Unification Day 3rd of October• Christmas and Boxing Day 25th & 26th of DecemberDuring the main holiday period, from the 1st of July to the 31st of August, the truck driving ban applies on Saturdays, meaning truck drivers are not allowed to drive between 7 am and 8 pm when there is a high frequency of vehicles on the roads.

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segunda-feira 12 agosto 2024 • Notícias do sector

NETWORK NORTH: COMO BENEFICIARÁ OS CAMIONISTAS?

Susie Jones

At the start of October, the Government announced its plan to scrap HS2 and redirect funding to improve the country's transport infrastructure – a project known as Network North. The project will provide £36 billion to improve major roads that have become a bone of contention for drivers. The announcement surprised many, but what does it mean for the truck drivers who are endlessly traversing across these roads? The Government will increase funding for most existing Major Road Network and Large Local Major road schemes. These schemes will go from an 85% to a 100% contribution to ensure they are delivered. A list of the is available on . Extra funding for these schemes will improve road efficiency throughout the country. The strategic road network scheme aims to reduce congestion and ensure smoother journeys for those using the roads frequently. A welcome advancement for truck drivers where sitting in standstill traffic has become the norm. • M6 Junction 15 As one of the busiest sections of road in the UK and used by over vehicles per day, it has long suffered from heavy congestion and unpredictable journey times. The tight corners on the slip road have proven challenging for truck drivers causing overturns and increased traffic delays. The changes promised should reduce congestion and improve the safety of the junction. • Two Manchester North West Quadrant projects The M60 sees journeys daily from commuters and long-distance drivers. The Northwest Quadrant projects will aim to bypass J12-J18 and remodel junctions 12, 13, and 14. Other additions, such as a link road to the A57 and capacity improvements to junctions nine, ten, seventeen, and eighteen, will improve congestion and journey times. • A1 between Morpeth and Ellingham The 12.8-mile stretch has been plagued by development delays since its proposal. However, the Network North project aims to get development underway by widening the stretch of road improving journey time, safety, and resiliency. • A5 between Hinckley and Tamworth pinch points Although further details are yet to be released, it's been suggested that congestion relief will be prominent in their plans. • A50/A500 corridor improvements between Stoke and Derby With average rush hour speeds below 20mph, this route has proven slow and unreliable for truck drivers and commuters. The Network North scheme is likely to: • Generate new jobs by 2061 • See a population increase in the area by 2061 • See a increase in GVA (gross value added) over the next 60 years. • A2 Brenley Corner Known as Kent's most congested junction, Network North promises to invest in this area fantastic news for truck drivers traveling to Dover. Further details regarding development plans are yet to be released. However, plans to improve Brenley Corner have been discussed since 2021. • A75 improvements between Gretna and Stranraer The A57 is in dire need of dualling as currently, truck drivers are restricted to a 40mph speed limit causing tailbacks and long delays. As a crucial ferry link between Northern Ireland and Great Britain, truck drivers who use this link will benefit heavily from the project. An improved road infrastructure will alleviate congestion, saving truck drivers valuable time and fuel expenses contributing to faster delivery times. The Network North scheme looks to improve the lives of truck drivers and other road users by increasing safety and enhancing efficiency. According to a report by , from 2007-2021, the average pass rate for a HGV practical test was around 50%. Data from shows in 2022-2023, 75.9% of men in the UK passed their LGV test compared to 75.9% of women who passed. As with any profession, some aspects are stressful. Long hours away from loved ones can cause loneliness and isolation among many drivers. Additionally, truck driving is a high-pressure job at times with tight delivery deadlines and navigating through unpredictable weather conditions.