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Știri și actualizări • 4 min citește

Reglementări privind conducerea pe timp de iarnă în Regatul Unit și în UE: Ce trebuie să știe operatorii de flote

Creat: 27.10.2025

Actualizat: 27.10.2025

Pe măsură ce temperaturile scad, drumurile din Europa necesită mai mult decât îndemânare la volan. Acestea necesită pregătire, conștientizare și respectarea unui set complex de reglementări de iarnă care variază în funcție de țară. Pentru operatorii de flote care exploatează vehicule de marfă și camioane grele în Regatul Unit și în UE, înțelegerea acestor norme este esențială pentru evitarea sancțiunilor, a timpilor morți sau, mai rău, a accidentelor cauzate de o pregătire inadecvată.

Acest articol prezintă cerințele cheie pentru iarnă - de la anvelope și reguli de vizibilitate la cele mai recente dispoziții privind iluminatul, parbrizul și viteza - și explică modul în care flotele pot rămâne conforme și în siguranță oriunde le poartă drumul.

Anvelope și lanțuri

În cea mai mare parte a Europei, anvelopele 3PMSF (Three-Peak Mountain Snowflake) au devenit standardul recunoscut pentru performanțele de iarnă. Vehiculele grele de peste 3,5 tone GVW trebuie acum să monteze aceste anvelope pe axele motoare și de direcție în țări precum Germania, Elveția și Suedia.

Deși anvelopele 3PMSF asigură o aderență fiabilă în condiții de frig sau zăpadă moderată, acestea nu pot înlocui în mod legal lanțurile de zăpadă atunci când acestea sunt cerute de lege sau de indicatoare. Pentru flotele care operează în teren muntos, transportul lanțurilor de zăpadă rămâne o parte esențială a pregătirii pentru iarnă.

Este important să rețineți că anvelopele M+S (noroi și zăpadă) sunt eliminate treptat. În Germania, anvelopele M+S fabricate înainte de 1 ianuarie 2018 au fost acceptate până la 30 septembrie 2024. Începând cu octombrie 2024, numai anvelopele care poartă simbolul Alpine (3PMSF) sunt permise în condiții de iarnă. Anvelopele M+S rămân acceptate legal doar ca echipament tranzitoriu în câteva state din sud sau est.

În Austria, anvelopele de iarnă sunt obligatorii între 1 noiembrie și 15 aprilie, cu adâncimea minimă a benzii de rulare de 5 mm (radiale) sau 6 mm (cu straturi încrucișate) pentru vehiculele grele de marfă.

"Legea muntelui" din Franța (Loi Montagne II) impune echipamentul de iarnă în regiunile alpine și pirenaice în perioada 1 noiembrie - 31 martie.

În Italia, [anvelopele de iarnă sau lanțurile de zăpadă] (https://www.europe-consommateurs.eu/en/travelling-motor-vehicles/motor-vehicles/winter-tyres-in-europe.html) trebuie purtate între 15 noiembrie și 15 aprilie pe rutele regionale și montane semnalizate.

În unele regiuni estice și balcanice - cum ar fi România și Bosnia-Herțegovina - vehiculele de peste 3,5 tone trebuie să transporte și o lopată și nisip pentru tracțiune și siguranță.

Nu uitați să vizitați site-urile guvernamentale pentru a afla cele mai recente norme și reglementări.

Lumini și standarde de vizibilitate

De la 1 ianuarie 2025, noile semiremorci și remorci grele necesită o vizibilitate sporită. Semiremorcile [trebuie să fie echipate cu iluminare laterală] (https://www.tralert.com/en/blog/regulations-truck-semi-trailer-lighting/) care clipește în sincron cu indicatoarele de direcție pentru a îmbunătăți vizibilitatea laterală.

Vehiculele cu o lungime mai mare de 6 metri trebuie să aibă marcaje laterale poziționate la intervale corespunzătoare, în timp ce cele cu o lățime mai mare de 2,1 metri trebuie să utilizeze iluminare de contur - lumini albe și roșii continue care trasează forma vehiculului pe timp de noapte pentru a face lungimea și lățimea acestuia clare pentru ceilalți utilizatori ai drumului.

Iluminatul obligatoriu pentru vehiculele grele de marfă include:

● Faruri (fază scurtă și fază lungă)

● Lumini spate și de frână pe ambele părți

● Faruri de ceață spate

● Reflectoare și lumini de mers înapoi

● Luminile de zi sunt obligatorii pe camioane din 2012. Regulile de utilizare variază în funcție de țară.

Înainte de fiecare călătorie, șoferii trebuie să se asigure că toate luminile, catadioptrii și plăcuțele cu numere de înmatriculare sunt curate și fără zăpadă; nerespectarea acestei obligații poate duce la amenzi sau puncte de penalizare.

Viteză, manevrabilitate și anvelope cu crampoane

Limitele de viteză specifice iernii variază în UE, dar întotdeauna trebuie să fiți prudent.

● Austria limitează viteza vehiculelor cu pneuri cu crampoane la 80 km/h în afara zonelor construite și la 100 km/h pe autostrăzi și solicită o insignă vizibilă "Pneuri cu crampoane". Crampoanele nu sunt permise pe vehiculele de peste 3,5 t.

● În Germania, legile privind "viteza corespunzătoare" înseamnă că, chiar și în limitele afișate, viteza excesivă pe drumurile înghețate poate constitui o infracțiune în conformitate cu Regulamentul german privind traficul rutier.

De asemenea, se pot aplica interdicții specifice condițiilor meteorologice. În mai multe regiuni alpine și estice, camioanele pot fi retrase din trecătorile montane sau de pe podurile expuse atunci când viteza vântului depășește 100 km/h sau li se poate interzice temporar accesul pe rutele afectate de gheață neagră sau risc de avalanșă.

Parbrize, oglinzi și vizibilitate

Vizibilitatea nu este opțională - este o cerință legală. Șoferii trebuie să îndepărteze toată zăpada și gheața de pe parbrize, oglinzi, acoperișuri și lumini înainte de a porni la drum. Unele țări amendează operatorii atunci când zăpada sau gheața alunecă de pe acoperișuri în trafic - sancțiuni aplicabile în Germania, Elveția, Austria și alte jurisdicții.

Pentru a se conforma, flotele trebuie:

● Mențineți ștergătoarele și dispersoarele operaționale.

● Utilizați lichid de spălare pentru iarnă testat la -20°C.

● Verificați zilnic oglinzile încălzite.

● Asigurați-vă că uneltele de deszăpezire (lopată, perie și nisip) sunt păstrate în fiecare cabină.

Regatul Unit vs UE

Deși legislația britanică nu impune în mod explicit utilizarea anvelopelor de iarnă, operatorii sunt obligați să acorde atenție în temeiul Legii din 1974 privind sănătatea și siguranța la locul de muncă și al Regulamentului privind vehiculele rutiere (construcție și utilizare). DVSA recomandă ca pneurile să mențină [o adâncime a benzii de rulare de cel puțin 1 mm pentru vehiculele grele] (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tyre-defects-and-damage-hgvs-buses-and-trailers/tyre-defects-and-damage-hgvs-buses-and-trailers). Neasigurarea faptului că anvelopele sunt adecvate condițiilor poate duce la măsuri de executare pentru funcționare nesigură.

Pentru flotele care intră în UE, obligațiile trec la legislația locală privind pregătirea pentru iarnă imediat ce trec granița. Nerespectarea normelor poate duce la imobilizarea vehiculelor pe șosea, la amenzi sau la complicații legate de asigurare în cazul unui accident.

Pregătirea flotei dvs. pentru iarnă

Managerii de flote ar trebui să utilizeze o listă de verificare a pregătirii pentru iarnă care să meargă dincolo de anvelope:

● Verificați reglementările pentru țările prin care călătoresc șoferii

● Instalați anvelope cu rating 3PMSF pe axele de direcție și de tracțiune

● Transportați lanțuri de zăpadă omologate

● Curățați și verificați toate luminile, reflectoarele și spălătoarele

● Stocați truse de urgență pentru iarnă (prim ajutor, lopată, veste reflectorizante)

● Revizuiți planificarea rutelor pentru ferestre de lumină naturală mai scurte

● Verificați zilnic bateriile și capcanele de umiditate ale frânei cu aer

● Inspectați etanșările ușilor și lamelele ștergătoarelor pentru uzură

● Programați cursuri de perfecționare pentru șoferi privind frânarea pe vreme rece, gestionarea vitezei și montarea lanțului.

Aplicația SNAP [intruck app] (https://intruckapp.com/) oferă acces la parcări pentru camioane rezervabile, bine iluminate și sigure - esențiale pentru siguranța pe timp de noapte în timpul întreruperilor de iarnă. Șoferii pot localiza facilitățile în avans, asigurând o odihnă caldă în conformitate cu limitele orelor de conducere.

Menținerea siguranței și a conformității

În Regatul Unit și în UE, iarna aduce nu doar zăpadă, ci și o atenție sporită asupra respectării normelor. De la anvelopele 3PMSF și transportul lanțurilor de zăpadă până la standardele privind iluminatul, viteza și vizibilitatea, flotele trebuie să rămână atente la variațiile locale care se pot schimba în interiorul granițelor sau al lanțurilor muntoase.

Adoptând controale structurate ale flotei, monitorizând actualizările de la Comisia Europeană și DVSA și echipând vehiculele pentru fiecare condiție, operatorii își pot proteja șoferii și livrările în perioada cea mai grea a sezonului.

SNAP lucrează alături de flote pentru a face acest lucru mai ușor - conectându-i pe șoferi la locuri de odihnă de încredere, parcări sigure și instrumente de conformitate care mențin transportul în condiții de siguranță până în iarna anului 2025. [Aflați mai multe astăzi] (https://snapacc.com/fleet-operators/)

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