Miranda Blake
Novinky a aktualizácie • 3 min čítania

Smernica o pracovnom čase vodičov: Príručka pre vodičov nákladných vozidiel

Vytvorené: 25. 10. 2024

Aktualizované: 29. 10. 2024

Pre vodiča nákladného vozidla v Spojenom kráľovstve je veľmi dôležité, aby ste dobre poznali zložité predpisy týkajúce sa pracovného času a doby odpočinku vodičov. Smernica o pracovnom čase vodičov (WTD), známa aj ako smernica o cestnej doprave, je súbor pravidiel, ktoré upravujú maximálny počet hodín, ktoré môže vodič odpracovať, povinné prestávky, ktoré musí absolvovať, a požadované doby odpočinku, ktoré musí dodržiavať. Nedodržanie týchto predpisov môže viesť k vysokým pokutám a dokonca k odstaveniu vozidla.

Pochopenie smernice o pracovnom čase vodičov

Smernica o pracovnom čase vodičov je právny predpis Európskej únie, ktorého cieľom je zabezpečiť bezpečnosť všetkých účastníkov cestnej premávky predchádzaním nehodám súvisiacim s únavou. Pravidlá o pracovnom čase vodičov sa vzťahujú na osoby, ktoré riadia vozidlá s hmotnosťou nad 3,5 tony, bez ohľadu na to, či daná osoba vykonáva činnosť v rámci Spojeného kráľovstva alebo v rámci EÚ.

Denné limity jazdy

Podľa WTD sa na vodičov nákladných vozidiel v Spojenom kráľovstve vzťahuje denný limit 9 hodín jazdy, ktorý sa môže zvýšiť na 10 hodín maximálne dvakrát týždenne. Po 4,5 hodinách nepretržitej alebo prerušovanej jazdy si musia vodiči urobiť prestávku v trvaní najmenej 45 minút. Prípadne si môžu zvoliť rozdelenú prestávku, pričom prvá prestávka trvá najmenej 15 minút a druhá najmenej 30 minút.

Týždenné a dvojtýždňové obmedzenia jazdy

Týždenný limit pre vodičov nákladných vozidiel v Spojenom kráľovstve je 56 hodín, zatiaľ čo dvojtýždenný limit je 90 hodín. To znamená, že ak vodič odpracuje 56 hodín v jednom týždni, v nasledujúcom týždni môže pracovať len 34 hodín, aby neprekročil 90-hodinový dvojtýždňový limit.

Horné hranice pracovného času

Okrem časových obmedzení jazdy stanovuje WTD aj obmedzenia celkového počtu hodín, ktoré môže vodič odpracovať za týždeň. Priemerný týždenný pracovný čas, vrátane úloh spojených s riadením vozidla a úloh, ktoré nesúvisia s riadením vozidla, nesmie prekročiť 48 hodín vypočítaných za 17-týždňové alebo 26-týždňové referenčné obdobie. Maximálny pracovný čas v jednom týždni je 60 hodín za predpokladu, že sa neprekročí 48-hodinový priemer.

Odpočinkové obdobia

WTD vyžaduje, aby vodiči ťažkých nákladných vozidiel denne odpočívali najmenej 11 po sebe nasledujúcich hodín, ktoré môžu byť rozdelené na dve obdobia, pričom prvé musí trvať najmenej 3 hodiny. Vodiči sa môžu rozhodnúť aj pre skrátený denný odpočinok v trvaní 9 hodín, ale to možno urobiť len trikrát týždenne. Okrem toho je povinný týždenný odpočinok v trvaní najmenej 45 hodín, hoci tento odpočinok je možné raz za 2 týždne skrátiť na 24 hodín.

Výnimky

Hoci sa WTD vzťahuje na väčšinu vodičov nákladných vozidiel v Spojenom kráľovstve, existujú určité výnimky, ktoré sa môžu uplatniť za špecifických okolností. Napríklad tí, ktorí nejazdia viac ako 10-krát v priebehu 26 týždňov alebo 15-krát v časovom rámci presahujúcom 26 týždňov, nemusia byť povinní sledovať smernicu o pracovnom čase.

Dôsledky nedodržania

Nedodržanie WTD môže mať vážne dôsledky pre vodičov aj prevádzkovateľov vozového parku. Vodičom prichyteným pri porušení predpisov môže byť uložená pokuta až do výšky 1 500 GBP, a ak porušia pravidlá viac ako 5-krát za 28 dní, môžu byť postavení pred súd a ich vozidlo môže byť odstavené.

Prevádzkovatelia vozového parku musia dbať na dodržiavanie predpisov v celom vozovom parku. Zanedbanie zavedenia dostatočných opatrení na monitorovanie a presadzovanie WTD môže mať za následok, že DVSA vydá výzvu na zlepšenie a v krajnom prípade požiadavku na zastavenie prevádzky až do vyriešenia problémov.

Význam riešení integrovaných do tachografov pre správu vozového parku

Na efektívne riadenie pracovného času vodičov a zabezpečenie súladu s WTD by prevádzkovatelia vozových parkov mali zvážiť investíciu do riešení integrovaných s tachografmi. Tieto účelové technológie umožňujú efektívne monitorovanie správania vodičov a automatické zaznamenávanie údajov o jazde a pracovnom čase, vďaka čomu je prakticky nemožné, aby nedodržiavanie predpisov zostalo nepovšimnuté.

Vďaka spolupráci s dôveryhodným poskytovateľom, ako je SNAP, môžu prevádzkovatelia vozových parkov využívať najmodernejšie nástroje na správu vozového parku a získať prístup ku komplexnej sieti servisných partnerov, čím sa uistia, že ich vodiči majú podporu, ktorú potrebujú na to, aby zostali v súlade s predpismi a bezpečne na cestách.

Vplyv nedostatku vodičov

Do úvahy treba vziať aj nedostatok vodičov v Spojenom kráľovstve. Ukazuje sa, že je to veľký problém v rámci odvetvia. Odvetvie zaznamenalo pokles vodičov nákladných vozidiel - pandémia odložila 30 000 skúšok pre nových vodičov a brexit tvrdo zasiahol flotilové spoločnosti - mnoho európskych vodičov nákladných vozidiel opustilo Spojené kráľovstvo.

Správa SNAP z roku 2023 naznačuje, že tento sektor by mohol v nasledujúcich 10 až 15 rokoch dosiahnuť "bod zlomu". Môže sa ukázať, že smernica o pracovnom čase vodičov je práve to, čo odvetvie potrebuje, aby sa toto povolanie stalo opäť žiaducim a zabezpečilo lepšiu rovnováhu pre vodičov. Viac informácií o tom, čo sa dá urobiť pre riešenie nedostatku vodičov, nájdete v správe.

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