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Novinky a aktualizácie • 4 min čítania

Nízkoemisné zóny v Španielsku: Čo by mali vedieť prevádzkovatelia vozových parkov

Vytvorené: 03. 10. 2025

Aktualizované: 08. 10. 2025

Do konca roka 2025 obmedzí 149 španielskych miest - od Madridu a Barcelony až po turistické centrá ako Valencia, Alicante a Benidorm - prístup vozidiel s vysokými emisiami. Pre prevádzkovateľov vozových parkov to znamená nové riziká spojené s dodržiavaním predpisov, nákladnú modernizáciu a prísnejšie harmonogramy dodávok.

Španielske zóny s nízkymi emisiami (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, ZBE) sú súčasťou širšieho európskeho úsilia o zlepšenie kvality ovzdušia a zníženie emisií z dopravy. Tieto zóny už fungujú vo veľkých mestách po celej krajine a ich dodržiavanie sa vynucuje pokutami do výšky 200 EUR, pričom pravidlá sa v jednotlivých mestách líšia.

V tejto príručke vysvetľujeme, ako ZBE fungujú, ktorých kategórií vozidiel sa týkajú a čo musia prevádzkovatelia urobiť, aby udržali svoje vozové parky na cestách.

Pravidlá ZBE a kategórie vozidiel

ZBE sa podľa španielskych zákonov zavádzajú v mestách s viac ako 50 000 obyvateľmi (a v mestách nad 20 000 obyvateľov s mimoriadne zlou kvalitou ovzdušia) s cieľom zlepšiť kvalitu ovzdušia v mestách a podporiť ciele EÚ v oblasti klímy.

Prístup do ZBE sa určuje na základe environmentálnej značky vozidla (distintivo ambiental), ktorú vydáva španielske Generálne riaditeľstvo pre dopravu (DGT).

Sú to tieto kategórie:

Zero (modrý odznak):

Plný prístup

● 100 % elektrické vozidlá (BEV)

● Vozidlá na vodíkové palivové články (FCEV)

● Plug-in hybridy s elektrickým dojazdom aspoň 40 km

Eco (zelený/modrý odznak):

Všeobecne neobmedzený prístup

● Štandardné hybridy (HEV)

● Plug-in hybridy s elektrickým dojazdom kratším ako 40 km

● Vozidlá na plyn (CNG/LNG/LPG)

C (zelený odznak):

Prístup s určitými časovými/oblastnými obmedzeniami

● Benzínové vozidlá: Euro 4/5/6 (zvyčajne od roku 2006)

● Dieselové vozidlá: Euro 6 (zvyčajne od roku 2014)

B (žltý odznak):

Čoraz viac obmedzené, často zakázané počas dopravnej špičky

● Benzínové vozidlá: Euro 3 (zvyčajne 2000-2005)

● Dieselové vozidlá: Euro 4-5 (zvyčajne 2006-2013)

Žiadny odznak:

Všeobecne zakázaný vstup na všetky ZBE

● Benzínové vozidlá, ktoré nespĺňajú normy Euro 3

● Dieselové vozidlá, ktoré nespĺňajú normy Euro 4

Benzínové vozidlá s emisnou normou nižšou ako Euro 3 a dieselové vozidlá s emisnou normou nižšou ako Euro 4 majú zvyčajne zákaz vjazdu do ZBE, hoci obmedzenia sa v jednotlivých mestách líšia.

Je dôležité poznamenať, že zahraničné vozidlá sa musia pred vstupom do ZBE zaregistrovať na miestnych mestských úradoch, a to aj v prípade, že spĺňajú rovnocenné normy Euro. Bez registrácie môžu vozidlá spĺňajúce požiadavky čeliť automatickým pokutám, čo sa stalo bežným problémom pre medzinárodných dopravcov pôsobiacich v Španielsku.

Oblasti ovplyvnené ZBE

V Madride a Barcelone platia ZBE už niekoľko rokov, s veľmi špecifickými pravidlami a veľkými oblasťami pokrytia. Do konca roka 2025 sa systém rozšíri na 149 miest vrátane menších miest a turistických destinácií, ako sú Benidorm, Valencia, Sevilla a Alicante.

Niektoré mestá stále zavádzajú alebo postupne presadzujú svoje zóny, pričom v nich platia prechodné obdobia (napr. vo Valencii a Benidorme platí varovanie do konca roka 2025). Iné, ako napríklad Málaga, začnú pokutovať vozidlá, ktoré nedodržiavajú predpisy, od decembra 2025.

Je potrebné poznamenať, že mestá môžu mať rôzne pravidlá, pričom niektoré z nich povoľujú používanie vozidiel, ktoré nie sú v súlade s predpismi, pre základné služby, preto je dôležité poznať pravidlá konkrétneho mesta pred vyslaním vozidla.

Španielsko nie je jediné: viac ako 320 miest v celej Európe v súčasnosti prevádzkuje LEZ, pričom francúzsky systém Crit'Air, nemecký Umweltzonen a britský ULEZ patria medzi najzavedenejšie. Pre cezhraničných dopravcov to vytvára spleť pravidiel, nálepiek a pokút, ktoré zvyšujú riziká a náklady na dodržiavanie predpisov.

Čo musia prevádzkovatelia vozového parku urobiť

Musíte zabezpečiť, aby vaše vozidlá boli označené príslušným odznakom DGT alebo registrované, ak ide o vozidlá so zahraničnou poznávacou značkou.

Pokuty za nedodržanie predpisov sú zvyčajne stanovené na 200 EUR za porušenie, hoci sa môžu v jednotlivých obciach líšiť. Mestá ako Madrid a Barcelona už začali udeľovať tieto pokuty prostredníctvom systémov automatického rozpoznávania evidenčných čísel (ANPR).

Problémy pre manažérov vozového parku

Obnova vozového parku a náklady

Mnohé logistické spoločnosti čelia prekážkam, pretože staršie dieselové nákladné vozidlá majú v súčasnosti zakázaný alebo obmedzený vjazd do miest. V skutočnosti je priemerný vek španielskeho vozového parku nákladnej dopravy 14 rokov. To znamená, že značný počet vozidiel nevyhovuje predpisom a musí sa vymeniť, ak chcú dopravcovia vstúpiť do ZBE.

Ceny vozidiel zvyšujú tlak: elektrické ťažké nákladné vozidlo môže stáť trikrát viac ako jeho dieselový ekvivalent, zatiaľ čo vodíkové nákladné vozidlá sú ešte drahšie.

CETM-Madrid, španielska konfederácia nákladnej dopravy, odhaduje, že kumulatívne náklady na cestnú nákladnú dopravu v Madride predstavujú približne 1,3 miliardy EUR (https://transporteprofesional.es/ultimas-noticias/cetm-madrid-reclama-modificar-el-calendario-de-acceso-a-las-zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-a-los-camiones), a žiada úpravu termínov a väčšiu podporu.

Časová kompresia

Údaje ukazujú, že zmeny majú vplyv na harmonogramy dodávok. Nedávny prieskum medzi podnikmi v pilotných zónach ukázal, že [36,7 % uviedlo dlhšie dodacie lehoty a zvýšené náklady na dopravu] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089).

Preťaženie je bežné aj počas obmedzených okien na doručovanie (8-10 hodín ráno), keď o prístup súťaží mnoho prevádzkovateľov. Približne 83 % opýtaných podnikov tiež uviedlo ako hlavný faktor, ktorý prispieva k meškaniu, nedostatok vhodných plôch na nakladanie/vykladanie.

Tento efekt "časovej kompresie" - keď sú dodávky nútené trvať menej hodín - vytvára úzke miesta na hraniciach zón, čo zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť oneskorených príchodov a narušenia dodávateľských reťazcov.

Personálny tlak

Narušenie harmonogramu presahuje rámec smerovania vozidiel a týka sa aj riadenia pracovnej sily. Prístup Barcelony k ZBE ilustruje túto výzvu: mesto ponúka dvojhodinové nočné rozvozové intervaly (21:00-07:00), aby znížilo preťaženie počas dňa, ale španielske pracovné dohody stanovujú, že mzda za nočnú prácu má príplatky vo výške približne 25 %.

Prevádzkovatelia vozového parku tak majú ťažkú voľbu: akceptovať preťaženie a meškania počas dňa alebo absorbovať zvýšené náklady na pracovnú silu v prípade nočnej prevádzky.

Prínosy zavedenia ZBE pre životné prostredie

Napriek výzvam prinášajú ZBE jednoznačný prínos pre verejné zdravie. Štúdie centrálnej zóny LEZ v Madride zaznamenali významné zníženie oxidu dusičitého (NO₂) v rámci zóny. Širší európsky výskum ukazuje, že emisie sadzí klesli až o 47 % a ultrajemné častice o 56 % po zavedení LEZ.

Toto zníženie sa priamo premieta do zlepšenia kvality ovzdušia, zníženia počtu respiračných ochorení a zníženia počtu hospitalizácií. Pre obyvateľov miest - a vodičov, ktorí trávia hodiny v preťaženej premávke - sú zdravotné výhody hmatateľné, aj keď nepríjemné.

Podpora vodičov a prevádzkovateľov v celej Európe

"Nízkoemisné zóny tu zostanú," komentuje Raqual Martinez, európsky obchodný manažér spoločnosti SNAP. "Výzvou pre našu komunitu je prispôsobiť sa bez toho, aby sme ohrozili efektivitu alebo pohodu vodičov. V spoločnosti SNAP sme odhodlaní podporovať vozové parky v Španielsku a v celej Európe a pomáhať im premeniť regulačné zmeny na prevádzkovú výhodu."

Hoci nemôžeme zmeniť pravidlá LEZ, naša aplikácia intruck zjednodušuje život na cestách. Vodiči si pomocou nej môžu vyhľadať a rezervovať bezpečné parkovanie a umývanie nákladných vozidiel, zistiť, aké zariadenia sú k dispozícii na každej zastávke, a naplánovať prestávky na odpočinok, ktoré vyhovujú časovo obmedzenej dodávke - či už jazdia do Madridu, obchádzajú Barcelonu, alebo prekračujú hranice na dlhších trasách.

Stiahnite si aplikáciu intruck ešte dnes a zabezpečte si plynulejšie fungovanie v rozvíjajúcom sa dopravnom prostredí Španielska.

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štvrtok 04 decembra 2025 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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štvrtok 30 októbra 2025 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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Located in Colnbrook, Berkshire, is a family-owned and family-run company specialising in the transportation of pharmaceutical products.The company originated from humble beginnings in 1984 when Frederick Woolley produced a service that was second to none in the secure logistics industry his very own tracking system, the best on the market, which left companies knocking on his door to transport their goods safely throughout Europe. In 1999, FET entered the world of pharmaceutical transportation, with Frederick taking on a partner, his son-in-law, Harry Hughes. From there, the business has gone from strength to strength, becoming one of the best pharmaceutical logistics companies in the UK. We sit down with Managing Director, Harry, to discuss what it's like running a fleet across Europe and how SNAP has helped ease processes."We focus on transporting high-value, high-consequence goods, white glove deliveries, and hospital deliveries. We're often in mainland Europe pretty much every day, from Northern Ireland all the way down to Spain, Italy, and even Greece."Transporting high-value goods comes with the added pressure to ensure your drivers park in safe and secure areas. For Harry, his drivers must have access to a wide network of truck stops across Europe, complete with details regarding security features something SNAP can deliver through its and Transporting high-consequence goods also brings additional challenges, as Harry explains:"We have the same challenges as everyone else in the supply chain, but you're adding temperature as well. That's another critical requirement. Whether it be a dry ice box that's got a life of 72 hours, or you need to keep that van completely at the right temperature throughout its journey. If the truck or van has to park up overnight, we need to ensure that the temperature is being monitored through the night as well."TAPA EMEA's TSR regulations have been developed by the industry, for the industry. The standard protects products transported by road and aims to ensure the safety of drivers, vehicles, and cargo. As TAPA UK Lead, Harry knows the importance and the benefits of transporting goods under TAPA TSR."We outsource to an external monitoring company for some of the delicate loads being transported under TSR. This means they will monitor the load for the route and geofence it if it deviates. They're checking in with the driver and also checking that it's parked at the right location from the route risk assessment we've uploaded to the monitoring company."These standards give drivers, fleet operators, and customers peace of mind that their cargo will be transported safely. And Harry has peace of mind when these journeys utilise SNAP's vast network of truck stops across Europe."You know that if you go to a SNAP site, you're going to get a decent site."Driver welfare remains a critical topic within the mobility industry, and for fleets like Harry's, ensuring their drivers are looked after while on the road remains vital. We asked Harry what offerings truck stops must provide to those on the road regularly:"I think the drivers just want some decent facilities. If they've got a shower, toilet, and a hot meal, they're generally happy." He also notes that it's not a one-size-fits-all, "they've all got different requirements. Some of them want to go to sites with a fancy restaurant, and some of them are just happy with a burger and chips. I think if the basics are there of clean facilities, hot and cold food, and showers, that's the main thing."Truck stops are already in high demand, and the most popular ones, offering the right facilities and security requirements, tend to fill up early in the evening. This often forces drivers to park in unsafe areas, a challenge that's expected to grow even more significant when SNAP not only simplifies life for fleet managers but also delivers a seamless parking experience for drivers. This leads to increased convenience and satisfaction on the road, while enhancing efficiency and streamlining operations across the company."It's the simplicity for the drivers. They don't have to worry about anything. They just pull in, and the parking payment method is already done for them. The drivers love it since we've implemented it," Harry states. SNAP's growing network of truck wash sites is something that hasn't gone unnoticed by FET Logistics, especially when the weather takes a turn for the worse:"More truck washes are coming onto the network, which helps us especially through winter. Nobody wants to see a dirty truck turn up if you're loading pharmaceuticals into it."Inspired by what you've just read? Catch the full interview with