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Știri și actualizări • 4 min citește

Zone cu emisii reduse în Spania: Ce trebuie să știe operatorii de flote

Creat: 03.10.2025

Actualizat: 08.10.2025

Până la sfârșitul anului 2025, 149 de orașe spaniole - de la Madrid și Barcelona la centre turistice precum Valencia, Alicante și Benidorm - vor restricționa accesul vehiculelor cu emisii ridicate. Pentru operatorii de flote, aceasta înseamnă noi riscuri de conformitate, modernizări costisitoare și programe de livrare mai stricte.

Zonele cu emisii reduse (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, sau ZBE) din Spania fac parte dintr-un efort european mai amplu de îmbunătățire a calității aerului și de reducere a emisiilor din transporturi. Zonele funcționează deja în marile orașe ale țării și sunt aplicate cu amenzi de până la 200 EUR, normele variind de la oraș la oraș.

În acest ghid, explicăm cum funcționează ZBE, ce categorii de vehicule sunt afectate și ce trebuie să facă operatorii pentru a-și menține flotele pe drum.

Reguli ZBE și categorii de vehicule

ZBE sunt introduse în temeiul legislației spaniole în orașele cu peste [50 000 de locuitori] (https://transporteprofesional.es/noticias-actualidad-transporte-logistica/transporte-de-mercancias/zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-impacto-y-desafios-para-el-transporte-profesional) (și în cele cu peste 20 000 de locuitori cu o calitate a aerului deosebit de slabă), pentru a îmbunătăți calitatea aerului urban și pentru a sprijini obiectivele UE privind clima.

Accesul la o ZBE este determinat de insigna de mediu (distintivo ambiental) a vehiculului, eliberată de Direcția Generală a Traficului (DGT) din Spania.

Categoriile sunt:

Zero (Blue badge):

Acces complet

● Vehicule 100% electrice (BEV)

● Vehicule cu pile de combustie pe bază de hidrogen (FCEV)

● Hibrizi plug-in cu autonomie electrică de cel puțin 40 km

Eco (insignă verde/albastră):

Acces în general nerestricționat

● Hibrizi standard (HEV)

● Hibrizi plug-in cu autonomie electrică mai mică de 40 km

● Vehicule alimentate cu gaz (CNG/LNG/LPG)

C (insignă verde):

Acces cu unele restricții de timp/zonă

● Vehicule pe benzină: Euro 4/5/6 (de obicei începând cu 2006)

● Vehicule diesel: Euro 6 (de obicei începând cu 2014)

B (insignă galbenă):

Din ce în ce mai restricționat, adesea interzis în timpul orelor de vârf

● Vehicule pe benzină: Euro 3 (de obicei 2000-2005)

● Vehicule diesel: Euro 4-5 (de obicei 2006-2013)

Fără insignă:

În general interzis în toate ZBE

● Vehicule pe benzină sub standardele Euro 3

● Vehicule diesel sub standardele Euro 4

Vehiculele pe benzină sub standardele Euro 3 și cele diesel sub standardele Euro 4 sunt, de obicei, interzise în ZBE, deși restricțiile variază în funcție de oraș.

Este important să rețineți că vehiculele străine trebuie să se înregistreze la primăriile locale înainte de a intra într-o ZBE, chiar dacă îndeplinesc standarde Euro echivalente. Fără înregistrare, vehiculele conforme se pot confrunta cu amenzi automate, ceea ce a devenit o problemă comună pentru transportatorii internaționali care operează în Spania.

Zone afectate de ZBE

Madrid și Barcelona au instituit ZBE-uri de mai mulți ani, cu reguli foarte specifice și zone de acoperire extinse. Până la sfârșitul anului 2025, sistemul se va extinde pentru a acoperi 149 de orașe, inclusiv orașe mai mici și destinații turistice precum Benidorm, Valencia, Sevilla și Alicante.

Unele orașe sunt încă în curs de implementare sau de aplicare treptată a zonelor lor, cu perioade de tranziție în vigoare (de exemplu, avertismente până la sfârșitul anului 2025 în Valencia și Benidorm). Altele, cum ar fi Málaga, vor începe să amendeze vehiculele neconforme începând cu decembrie 2025.

Trebuie remarcat faptul că orașele pot avea reguli diferite, unele permițând vehicule neconforme pentru servicii esențiale, astfel încât este important să cunoașteți regulile unui anumit oraș înainte de a trimite un vehicul.

Spania nu este singura: peste 320 de orașe din Europa aplică în prezent LEZ-uri, printre cele mai cunoscute fiind sistemul Crit'Air din Franța, Umweltzonen din Germania și ULEZ din Regatul Unit. Pentru transportatorii transfrontalieri, acest lucru creează un mozaic de norme, autocolante și sancțiuni care cresc riscurile și costurile de conformitate.

Ce trebuie să facă operatorii de flote

Trebuie să vă asigurați că vehiculele dvs. prezintă ecusonul DGT corespunzător sau sunt înmatriculate dacă sunt înmatriculate în străinătate.

Amenzile pentru nerespectarea normelor sunt stabilite în general la 200 EUR pe încălcare, deși pot varia în funcție de municipalitate. Orașe precum Madrid și Barcelona au început deja să emită aceste sancțiuni prin intermediul sistemelor de recunoaștere automată a plăcuțelor de înmatriculare (ANPR).

Probleme pentru administratorii de flote

Reînnoirea flotei și costurile

Multe companii de logistică se confruntă cu obstacole deoarece camioanele diesel mai vechi sunt acum interzise sau restricționate în orașe. De fapt, vârsta medie a flotei de marfă din Spania este de 14 ani. Aceasta înseamnă că un număr semnificativ de vehicule nu sunt conforme și trebuie înlocuite dacă transportatorii doresc să intre în ZBE.

Prețurile vehiculelor sporesc presiunea: un [camion greu electric poate costa de trei ori mai mult decât un echivalent diesel] (https://ekoenergetyka.com/blog/electric-vs-traditional-trucks-a-cost-of-ownership-comparison/#:~:text=Economic%20Competitiveness%20of%20Electric%20Trucks,cheaper%20in%20the%20long%20run:), în timp ce [camioanele cu hidrogen] (https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/is-natural-gas-a-competitive-truck-fuel/#:~:text=Hydrogen%20trucks%20have%20been%20proposed,and%20Hydrogen%20%E2%80%94%20across%2035%20variables.) sunt și mai scumpe.

CETM-Madrid, Confederația spaniolă a transportului de marfă, estimează că cheltuielile cumulate pentru întreprinderile de transport rutier de marfă din Madrid se ridică la aproximativ 1,3 miliarde de euro (https://transporteprofesional.es/ultimas-noticias/cetm-madrid-reclama-modificar-el-calendario-de-acceso-a-las-zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-a-los-camiones) și solicită ajustări ale termenelor limită și mai mult sprijin.

Comprimarea timpului

Datele arată că schimbările au un impact asupra graficelor de livrare. Un sondaj recent realizat în rândul întreprinderilor din zonele pilot a arătat că [36,7% au raportat termene de livrare mai lungi și costuri de expediere mai mari] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089).

De asemenea, aglomerația este frecventă în timpul ferestrelor de livrare restricționate (8-10 dimineața), când mulți operatori concurează pentru acces. Aproximativ [83% dintre întreprinderile intervievate] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089) au menționat, de asemenea, lipsa unor zone adecvate de încărcare/descărcare drept un factor major care contribuie la întârzieri.

Acest efect de "comprimare a timpului" - în care livrările sunt forțate să se desfășoare în mai puține ore - creează blocaje la perimetrele zonelor, crescând probabilitatea de sosiri întârziate și de întrerupere a lanțurilor de aprovizionare.

Presiuni asupra personalului

Perturbarea programului se extinde dincolo de rutarea vehiculelor și la gestionarea forței de muncă. Abordarea Barcelonei față de ZBE ilustrează provocarea: orașul oferă sloturi de livrare de noapte de două ore (21:00-07:00) pentru a reduce aglomerația din timpul zilei, dar acordurile de muncă spaniole prevăd că plata muncii de noapte are prime de aproximativ 25%.

Acest lucru creează o alegere dificilă pentru operatorii de flote: să accepte aglomerația și întârzierile din timpul zilei sau să absoarbă creșterea costurilor forței de muncă pentru operațiunile de noapte.

Beneficiile de mediu ale introducerii ZBE

În ciuda provocărilor, ZBE aduc beneficii clare în materie de sănătate publică. Studiile privind LEZ Madrid Central au înregistrat [reduceri semnificative ale dioxidului de azot] (https://eurocities.eu/latest/madrids-lez-clears-the-air/) (NO₂) în interiorul zonei. Cercetări europene mai ample arată că emisiile de funingine au scăzut cu până la [47% și particulele ultrafine cu 56% în urma implementării zonelor LEZ] (https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/low-emission-zones-main/impact-of-low-emission-zones).

Aceste reduceri se traduc direct în îmbunătățirea calității aerului, reducerea numărului de boli respiratorii și a numărului de internări în spital. Pentru locuitorii din mediul urban - și pentru șoferii care petrec ore întregi în traficul aglomerat - beneficiile pentru sănătate sunt tangibile, deși incomode.

Sprijinirea șoferilor și operatorilor din întreaga Europă

"Zonele cu emisii reduse sunt aici pentru a rămâne", comentează Raqual Martinez, director de vânzări european la SNAP. "Provocarea pentru comunitatea noastră este adaptarea fără a compromite eficiența sau bunăstarea șoferilor. La SNAP, ne angajăm să sprijinim flotele din Spania și din întreaga Europă, ajutându-le să transforme schimbările de reglementare în avantaje operaționale."

Deși nu putem schimba regulile LEZ, aplicația noastră intruck face viața pe drum mai simplă. Șoferii o pot folosi pentru a găsi și a rezerva parcări și spălătorii sigure pentru camioane, pentru a vedea ce facilități sunt disponibile în fiecare stație și pentru a planifica pauze de odihnă care să se potrivească cu ferestrele de livrare mai restrânse - indiferent dacă ajung în Madrid, ocolesc Barcelona sau trec granițele pe rute mai lungi.

Descărcați intruck app astăzi pentru operațiuni mai ușoare în peisajul în continuă evoluție al transporturilor din Spania.

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luni 08 decembrie 2025 • Știri și actualizări

TENDINȚELE CAMIOANELOR: PREVIZIUNI PENTRU 2026

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These monitor eye and head movement to identify early signs of fatigue or inattention, enabling safer interventions and supporting accident-reduction goals across Europe. By 2029, new cab designs must minimise blind spots through improved glass visibility rather than camera reliance. This will particularly influence urban operations, vulnerable road user safety and future vehicle specification.. After years of exemption, this change effectively brings smaller commercial vehicles under full drivers’ hours enforcement.For operators with mixed fleets, this means introducing:● new driver cards● regular data downloads● updated monitoring processes● revised routing and rest-time planningThousands of vehicles that previously operated freely will need compliance systems in place almost immediately. requires companies with more than 250 employees or €40 million revenue to collect and report verified CO₂ emissions – including Scope 3 transport activity.This will cascade through supply chains. 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Although uptake remains modest when compared with battery-electric or hydrogen alternatives, the current regulatory push and infrastructure compatibility mean HVO is likely to gain traction in 2026.From spring 2026, in controlled zones – a full year ahead of plans. Enabled by the , this transition supports an industry expected to contribute £42 billion to the UK economy by 2035 and create an estimated 38,000 jobs. Germany is close behind. , supported by €20 million in seed funding. Across northern Europe, autonomous freight along the 1,200-km Rotterdam-Oslo corridor. The programme runs until March 2026 and examines how autonomous vehicles perform across borders, terrain types and logistics hubs.In Sweden, already move goods between warehouses, processing five million data points per second. Their controlled deployments demonstrate the potential for automation in predictable, repeatable routes.Despite this progress, humans will continue to play a central role. . 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joi 04 decembrie 2025 • Știri și actualizări

ASIGURAȚI BUNA FUNCȚIONARE A FLOTEI DVS. ÎN SEZONUL SĂRBĂTORILOR

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A missed inspection or delayed repair can have a much larger operational impact than during other parts of the year.When peak consumer activity overlaps with hazardous weather, fleets experience amplified risk. Traffic congestion increases, road conditions deteriorate and minor mechanical problems can escalate into serious incidents more easily. To combat these issues, you must strengthen preventive maintenance, adjust schedules, and improve real-time monitoring to prevent avoidable breakdowns or delays.Cold temperatures, icy surfaces and reduced daylight all increase mechanical and on-road risks for commercial vehicles, raising the likelihood of weakened batteries, reduced tyre traction and visibility issues. UK roadworthiness standards emphasise the importance of more robust winter maintenance for brakes, lighting, fluids and tyres as conditions deteriorate, reinforcing why winter readiness is essential for uninterrupted fleet operations. Even mild cold , making proactive winter maintenance crucial.Beyond vehicle strain, the holiday season and winter conditions also place pressure on drivers and operational workflows. Increased traffic, unpredictable weather and tighter delivery windows can lead to fatigue, stress and an increased risk of accidents. Careful scheduling, clear communication and proactive support for drivers are essential to maintain safety and ensure that your fleet continues to operate efficiently under these seasonal pressures.Maintaining steady operations during the festive rush requires more than reactive problem-solving. It necessitates deliberate planning across vehicle maintenance, driver readiness, technology utilisation and operational coordination. 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marți 25 noiembrie 2025 • Știri și actualizări

POLONIA ACCELEREAZĂ TRECEREA LA TRANSPORTUL CU EMISII ZERO

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Poland’s transportation sector is undergoing a major transformation. In recent months, the government has introduced a series of high-value funding programmes aimed at decarbonising the country’s road network and logistics operations. Much of this activity focuses on infrastructure related to heavy-duty vehicles – a sign that the transition to cleaner freight is being embraced across Europe.The scale of investment – and the speed at which it's happening – will be important for operators, managers and infrastructure planners right across Europe. To understand why, it helps to look at both the wider European context and the specific funding available in Poland.The move towards lowand zero-emission transport has been gathering pace across Europe for several years. The EU’s package and to cut emissions from heavy-duty vehicles by 45% by 2030 and by 90% by 2040. The (AFIR) also states that there must be high-power charging points for heavy vehicles every 60 kilometres along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) – a system of European roads, railways, ports and airports that forms the backbone of continental freight – by 2030. Hydrogen refuelling stations must be available every 200 kilometres.The UK is following a similar path. Z are being used to test electric and hydrogen HGVs on long-haul routes, while funding is being allocated to depot charging and refuelling infrastructure.Against this backdrop, Poland’s programme shows that Central and Eastern Europe are ready to take a leading role in building cleaner, better-connected transportation.In March 2025, Poland’s (NFOŚiGW) launched two major funding calls worth a combined PLN 2 billion. The first will cover the construction and expansion of power grids that supply high-capacity charging stations, especially those on the TEN-T. It covers both grid expansion and the installation of new connections. This will mean that the network can deliver the energy needed for rapid truck charging. Energy and grid operators can apply for grants if their projects meet minimum power thresholds. The second funding call supports the construction of heavy-vehicle charging stations themselves. The aim is to create 550 publicly accessible points across the country, serving both electric and hydrogen trucks. A final programme, which launched in Q2 2025, gives grants and loans to businesses so they can buy or lease zero-emission trucks in categories N2 and N3. Category N2 covers vehicles with a gross weight between 3.5 and 12 tonnes, while N3 applies to trucks over 12 tonnes. Funding levels range from 30 to 60 per cent, depending on company size. Upper limits of PLN 400,000 apply to N2 vehicles and PLN 750,000 to N3 models. Applications will be , so operators can plan their transition to zero-emission vehicles. These investments sit alongside Poland’s existing programme, which subsidises electric car purchases for individuals and companies, further extending the country’s sustainable transport strategy beyond passenger vehicles.According to the , Poland transports more goods by road than any other EU country. It is a natural gateway between Western Europe and the Baltic States, Ukraine and the Balkans, which means a reliable zero-emission infrastructure in Poland will have a Europe-wide impact.By setting clear power requirements and aligning projects with the TEN-T corridors, the government is ensuring a coordinated approach rather than isolated projects. The goal is a dependable network where electric and hydrogen trucks can move freely along key trade routes. The Deputy Minister for Climate and Environment described the programme as a way to strengthen “the competitiveness of Polish freight operators” while cutting emissions from one of the country’s largest economic sectors.Poland’s domestic network is also part of the wider . A total of nine EU countries – including Poland – committed in September 2025 to accelerate charging infrastructure deployment along key freight routes, such as the North Sea-Baltic and Scandinavian-Mediterranean corridors of the TEN-T.For fleets that operate across Europe, the initiative means charging infrastructure will become more standardised and predictable between countries. This will help drivers plan cross-border routes with greater confidence while supporting the shift towards zero-emission freight.For fleet operators, the timing is encouraging. Zero-emission trucks are rapidly , with sales of nearly 2,000 zero-emission heavy-duty electric trucks registered in the first half of 2025 across the EU. There are challenges, however. Adding high-power charging capacity will mean that grid operators, local authorities and logistics centres have to cooperate. It will also take time to hire technicians with the skills to install and maintain high-voltage equipment.In addition, vehicle costs and operational factors could also slow progress. Even with generous subsidies, businesses must weigh the cost of electric vehicle ownership, route patterns and depot readiness.For the road transport community, Poland’s programme is a significant milestone. Once complete, its charging and refuelling network will connect eastern and western Europe, supporting cleaner and more efficient freight movement.“This is a turning point for heavy transport,” says Nick Renton, Head of European Strategy and Business Development at SNAP. “Poland’s actions show that zero-emission freight is becoming part of daily life, rather than a long-term vision. As charging and refuelling points multiply, operators will be able to schedule cleaner journeys with confidence.”As the situation develops, we will continue to support fleets across Europe with technology, insight and practical tools for drivers. Our helps identify and book rest stops, refuelling points and secure parking, with more zero-emission facilities being added as new sites open. For operators looking to stay ahead of infrastructure changes, it provides a clear view of how the road network is evolving – and where new opportunities are emerging.