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Novinky a aktualizácie • 4 min čítania

Nízkoemisné zóny v Španielsku: Čo by mali vedieť prevádzkovatelia vozových parkov

Vytvorené: 03. 10. 2025

Aktualizované: 08. 10. 2025

Do konca roka 2025 obmedzí 149 španielskych miest - od Madridu a Barcelony až po turistické centrá ako Valencia, Alicante a Benidorm - prístup vozidiel s vysokými emisiami. Pre prevádzkovateľov vozových parkov to znamená nové riziká spojené s dodržiavaním predpisov, nákladnú modernizáciu a prísnejšie harmonogramy dodávok.

Španielske zóny s nízkymi emisiami (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, ZBE) sú súčasťou širšieho európskeho úsilia o zlepšenie kvality ovzdušia a zníženie emisií z dopravy. Tieto zóny už fungujú vo veľkých mestách po celej krajine a ich dodržiavanie sa vynucuje pokutami do výšky 200 EUR, pričom pravidlá sa v jednotlivých mestách líšia.

V tejto príručke vysvetľujeme, ako ZBE fungujú, ktorých kategórií vozidiel sa týkajú a čo musia prevádzkovatelia urobiť, aby udržali svoje vozové parky na cestách.

Pravidlá ZBE a kategórie vozidiel

ZBE sa podľa španielskych zákonov zavádzajú v mestách s viac ako 50 000 obyvateľmi (a v mestách nad 20 000 obyvateľov s mimoriadne zlou kvalitou ovzdušia) s cieľom zlepšiť kvalitu ovzdušia v mestách a podporiť ciele EÚ v oblasti klímy.

Prístup do ZBE sa určuje na základe environmentálnej značky vozidla (distintivo ambiental), ktorú vydáva španielske Generálne riaditeľstvo pre dopravu (DGT).

Sú to tieto kategórie:

Zero (modrý odznak):

Plný prístup

● 100 % elektrické vozidlá (BEV)

● Vozidlá na vodíkové palivové články (FCEV)

● Plug-in hybridy s elektrickým dojazdom aspoň 40 km

Eco (zelený/modrý odznak):

Všeobecne neobmedzený prístup

● Štandardné hybridy (HEV)

● Plug-in hybridy s elektrickým dojazdom kratším ako 40 km

● Vozidlá na plyn (CNG/LNG/LPG)

C (zelený odznak):

Prístup s určitými časovými/oblastnými obmedzeniami

● Benzínové vozidlá: Euro 4/5/6 (zvyčajne od roku 2006)

● Dieselové vozidlá: Euro 6 (zvyčajne od roku 2014)

B (žltý odznak):

Čoraz viac obmedzené, často zakázané počas dopravnej špičky

● Benzínové vozidlá: Euro 3 (zvyčajne 2000-2005)

● Dieselové vozidlá: Euro 4-5 (zvyčajne 2006-2013)

Žiadny odznak:

Všeobecne zakázaný vstup na všetky ZBE

● Benzínové vozidlá, ktoré nespĺňajú normy Euro 3

● Dieselové vozidlá, ktoré nespĺňajú normy Euro 4

Benzínové vozidlá s emisnou normou nižšou ako Euro 3 a dieselové vozidlá s emisnou normou nižšou ako Euro 4 majú zvyčajne zákaz vjazdu do ZBE, hoci obmedzenia sa v jednotlivých mestách líšia.

Je dôležité poznamenať, že zahraničné vozidlá sa musia pred vstupom do ZBE zaregistrovať na miestnych mestských úradoch, a to aj v prípade, že spĺňajú rovnocenné normy Euro. Bez registrácie môžu vozidlá spĺňajúce požiadavky čeliť automatickým pokutám, čo sa stalo bežným problémom pre medzinárodných dopravcov pôsobiacich v Španielsku.

Oblasti ovplyvnené ZBE

V Madride a Barcelone platia ZBE už niekoľko rokov, s veľmi špecifickými pravidlami a veľkými oblasťami pokrytia. Do konca roka 2025 sa systém rozšíri na 149 miest vrátane menších miest a turistických destinácií, ako sú Benidorm, Valencia, Sevilla a Alicante.

Niektoré mestá stále zavádzajú alebo postupne presadzujú svoje zóny, pričom v nich platia prechodné obdobia (napr. vo Valencii a Benidorme platí varovanie do konca roka 2025). Iné, ako napríklad Málaga, začnú pokutovať vozidlá, ktoré nedodržiavajú predpisy, od decembra 2025.

Je potrebné poznamenať, že mestá môžu mať rôzne pravidlá, pričom niektoré z nich povoľujú používanie vozidiel, ktoré nie sú v súlade s predpismi, pre základné služby, preto je dôležité poznať pravidlá konkrétneho mesta pred vyslaním vozidla.

Španielsko nie je jediné: viac ako 320 miest v celej Európe v súčasnosti prevádzkuje LEZ, pričom francúzsky systém Crit'Air, nemecký Umweltzonen a britský ULEZ patria medzi najzavedenejšie. Pre cezhraničných dopravcov to vytvára spleť pravidiel, nálepiek a pokút, ktoré zvyšujú riziká a náklady na dodržiavanie predpisov.

Čo musia prevádzkovatelia vozového parku urobiť

Musíte zabezpečiť, aby vaše vozidlá boli označené príslušným odznakom DGT alebo registrované, ak ide o vozidlá so zahraničnou poznávacou značkou.

Pokuty za nedodržanie predpisov sú zvyčajne stanovené na 200 EUR za porušenie, hoci sa môžu v jednotlivých obciach líšiť. Mestá ako Madrid a Barcelona už začali udeľovať tieto pokuty prostredníctvom systémov automatického rozpoznávania evidenčných čísel (ANPR).

Problémy pre manažérov vozového parku

Obnova vozového parku a náklady

Mnohé logistické spoločnosti čelia prekážkam, pretože staršie dieselové nákladné vozidlá majú v súčasnosti zakázaný alebo obmedzený vjazd do miest. V skutočnosti je priemerný vek španielskeho vozového parku nákladnej dopravy 14 rokov. To znamená, že značný počet vozidiel nevyhovuje predpisom a musí sa vymeniť, ak chcú dopravcovia vstúpiť do ZBE.

Ceny vozidiel zvyšujú tlak: elektrické ťažké nákladné vozidlo môže stáť trikrát viac ako jeho dieselový ekvivalent, zatiaľ čo vodíkové nákladné vozidlá sú ešte drahšie.

CETM-Madrid, španielska konfederácia nákladnej dopravy, odhaduje, že kumulatívne náklady na cestnú nákladnú dopravu v Madride predstavujú približne 1,3 miliardy EUR (https://transporteprofesional.es/ultimas-noticias/cetm-madrid-reclama-modificar-el-calendario-de-acceso-a-las-zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-a-los-camiones), a žiada úpravu termínov a väčšiu podporu.

Časová kompresia

Údaje ukazujú, že zmeny majú vplyv na harmonogramy dodávok. Nedávny prieskum medzi podnikmi v pilotných zónach ukázal, že [36,7 % uviedlo dlhšie dodacie lehoty a zvýšené náklady na dopravu] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089).

Preťaženie je bežné aj počas obmedzených okien na doručovanie (8-10 hodín ráno), keď o prístup súťaží mnoho prevádzkovateľov. Približne 83 % opýtaných podnikov tiež uviedlo ako hlavný faktor, ktorý prispieva k meškaniu, nedostatok vhodných plôch na nakladanie/vykladanie.

Tento efekt "časovej kompresie" - keď sú dodávky nútené trvať menej hodín - vytvára úzke miesta na hraniciach zón, čo zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť oneskorených príchodov a narušenia dodávateľských reťazcov.

Personálny tlak

Narušenie harmonogramu presahuje rámec smerovania vozidiel a týka sa aj riadenia pracovnej sily. Prístup Barcelony k ZBE ilustruje túto výzvu: mesto ponúka dvojhodinové nočné rozvozové intervaly (21:00-07:00), aby znížilo preťaženie počas dňa, ale španielske pracovné dohody stanovujú, že mzda za nočnú prácu má príplatky vo výške približne 25 %.

Prevádzkovatelia vozového parku tak majú ťažkú voľbu: akceptovať preťaženie a meškania počas dňa alebo absorbovať zvýšené náklady na pracovnú silu v prípade nočnej prevádzky.

Prínosy zavedenia ZBE pre životné prostredie

Napriek výzvam prinášajú ZBE jednoznačný prínos pre verejné zdravie. Štúdie centrálnej zóny LEZ v Madride zaznamenali významné zníženie oxidu dusičitého (NO₂) v rámci zóny. Širší európsky výskum ukazuje, že emisie sadzí klesli až o 47 % a ultrajemné častice o 56 % po zavedení LEZ.

Toto zníženie sa priamo premieta do zlepšenia kvality ovzdušia, zníženia počtu respiračných ochorení a zníženia počtu hospitalizácií. Pre obyvateľov miest - a vodičov, ktorí trávia hodiny v preťaženej premávke - sú zdravotné výhody hmatateľné, aj keď nepríjemné.

Podpora vodičov a prevádzkovateľov v celej Európe

"Nízkoemisné zóny tu zostanú," komentuje Raqual Martinez, európsky obchodný manažér spoločnosti SNAP. "Výzvou pre našu komunitu je prispôsobiť sa bez toho, aby sme ohrozili efektivitu alebo pohodu vodičov. V spoločnosti SNAP sme odhodlaní podporovať vozové parky v Španielsku a v celej Európe a pomáhať im premeniť regulačné zmeny na prevádzkovú výhodu."

Hoci nemôžeme zmeniť pravidlá LEZ, naša aplikácia intruck zjednodušuje život na cestách. Vodiči si pomocou nej môžu vyhľadať a rezervovať bezpečné parkovanie a umývanie nákladných vozidiel, zistiť, aké zariadenia sú k dispozícii na každej zastávke, a naplánovať prestávky na odpočinok, ktoré vyhovujú časovo obmedzenej dodávke - či už jazdia do Madridu, obchádzajú Barcelonu, alebo prekračujú hranice na dlhších trasách.

Stiahnite si aplikáciu intruck ešte dnes a zabezpečte si plynulejšie fungovanie v rozvíjajúcom sa dopravnom prostredí Španielska.

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pondelok 08 decembra 2025 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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Major changes are coming for the mobility sector.The next 12 months will bring some of the most significant regulatory and technological shifts European transport has seen in years. New emissions rules, driver-monitoring systems, hydrogen trials and autonomous pilots will reshape how fleets operate across the UK and EU.For operators and professional drivers, understanding these changes now will make the difference between adapting confidently and struggling to keep up. come into force in 2026, introducing new requirements for fleets. Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide limits will tighten further, with the permitted particle size dropping from 23 nanometres to 10. In addition, for the first time.Every new truck sold will need to comply with Euro VII. While vehicle pricing is likely to be affected, the bigger impact will fall on procurement timelines, fleet renewal cycles and long-term decarbonisation.. 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Visit snapacc.com to discover how we can support your transition to 2026 and beyond.

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štvrtok 04 decembra 2025 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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Even mild cold , making proactive winter maintenance crucial.Beyond vehicle strain, the holiday season and winter conditions also place pressure on drivers and operational workflows. Increased traffic, unpredictable weather and tighter delivery windows can lead to fatigue, stress and an increased risk of accidents. Careful scheduling, clear communication and proactive support for drivers are essential to maintain safety and ensure that your fleet continues to operate efficiently under these seasonal pressures.Maintaining steady operations during the festive rush requires more than reactive problem-solving. It necessitates deliberate planning across vehicle maintenance, driver readiness, technology utilisation and operational coordination. 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utorok 25 novembra 2025 • Novinky a aktualizácie

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Poland’s transportation sector is undergoing a major transformation. In recent months, the government has introduced a series of high-value funding programmes aimed at decarbonising the country’s road network and logistics operations. Much of this activity focuses on infrastructure related to heavy-duty vehicles – a sign that the transition to cleaner freight is being embraced across Europe.The scale of investment – and the speed at which it's happening – will be important for operators, managers and infrastructure planners right across Europe. To understand why, it helps to look at both the wider European context and the specific funding available in Poland.The move towards lowand zero-emission transport has been gathering pace across Europe for several years. The EU’s package and to cut emissions from heavy-duty vehicles by 45% by 2030 and by 90% by 2040. 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These investments sit alongside Poland’s existing programme, which subsidises electric car purchases for individuals and companies, further extending the country’s sustainable transport strategy beyond passenger vehicles.According to the , Poland transports more goods by road than any other EU country. It is a natural gateway between Western Europe and the Baltic States, Ukraine and the Balkans, which means a reliable zero-emission infrastructure in Poland will have a Europe-wide impact.By setting clear power requirements and aligning projects with the TEN-T corridors, the government is ensuring a coordinated approach rather than isolated projects. The goal is a dependable network where electric and hydrogen trucks can move freely along key trade routes. The Deputy Minister for Climate and Environment described the programme as a way to strengthen “the competitiveness of Polish freight operators” while cutting emissions from one of the country’s largest economic sectors.Poland’s domestic network is also part of the wider . A total of nine EU countries – including Poland – committed in September 2025 to accelerate charging infrastructure deployment along key freight routes, such as the North Sea-Baltic and Scandinavian-Mediterranean corridors of the TEN-T.For fleets that operate across Europe, the initiative means charging infrastructure will become more standardised and predictable between countries. This will help drivers plan cross-border routes with greater confidence while supporting the shift towards zero-emission freight.For fleet operators, the timing is encouraging. Zero-emission trucks are rapidly , with sales of nearly 2,000 zero-emission heavy-duty electric trucks registered in the first half of 2025 across the EU. There are challenges, however. Adding high-power charging capacity will mean that grid operators, local authorities and logistics centres have to cooperate. It will also take time to hire technicians with the skills to install and maintain high-voltage equipment.In addition, vehicle costs and operational factors could also slow progress. Even with generous subsidies, businesses must weigh the cost of electric vehicle ownership, route patterns and depot readiness.For the road transport community, Poland’s programme is a significant milestone. Once complete, its charging and refuelling network will connect eastern and western Europe, supporting cleaner and more efficient freight movement.“This is a turning point for heavy transport,” says Nick Renton, Head of European Strategy and Business Development at SNAP. “Poland’s actions show that zero-emission freight is becoming part of daily life, rather than a long-term vision. As charging and refuelling points multiply, operators will be able to schedule cleaner journeys with confidence.”As the situation develops, we will continue to support fleets across Europe with technology, insight and practical tools for drivers. Our helps identify and book rest stops, refuelling points and secure parking, with more zero-emission facilities being added as new sites open. For operators looking to stay ahead of infrastructure changes, it provides a clear view of how the road network is evolving – and where new opportunities are emerging.