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Novice in posodobitve • 4 min branja

Območja z nizkimi emisijami v Španiji: Kaj morajo vedeti upravljavci voznih parkov

Ustvarjeno: 03. 10. 2025

Posodobljeno: 08. 10. 2025

Do konca leta 2025 bo 149 španskih mest - od Madrida in Barcelone do turističnih središč, kot so Valencia, Alicante in Benidorm - omejilo dostop za vozila z visokimi emisijami. Za upravljavce voznih parkov to pomeni nova tveganja glede skladnosti, drage posodobitve in krajše dobavne roke.

Španska območja z nizkimi emisijami (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones ali ZBE) so del širših evropskih prizadevanj za izboljšanje kakovosti zraka in zmanjšanje emisij iz prometa. Te cone že delujejo v večjih mestih po vsej državi in se izvajajo z globami do 200 EUR, pravila pa se razlikujejo od mesta do mesta.

V tem priročniku pojasnjujemo, kako delujejo ZBE, na katere kategorije vozil se nanašajo in kaj morajo storiti upravljavci, da bodo njihovi vozni parki ostali na cesti.

Pravila ZBE in kategorije vozil

ZBE se v skladu s špansko zakonodajo uvajajo v mestih z več kot 50.000 prebivalci (in v tistih z več kot 20.000 prebivalci, kjer je kakovost zraka še posebej slaba), da bi izboljšali kakovost zraka v mestih in podprli podnebne cilje EU.

Dostop do ZBE je določen z okoljsko značko vozila (distintivo ambiental), ki jo izda španski Generalni direktorat za promet (DGT).

Kategorije so naslednje:

Zero (modra značka):

(1): popoln dostop

● 100-odstotno električna vozila (BEV)

● Vozila na vodikove gorivne celice (FCEV)

● priključni hibridi z najmanj 40 km električnega dosega

Eco (zelena/modra oznaka):

Na splošno neomejen dostop

● Standardni hibridi (HEV)

● priključni hibridi z električnim dosegom, krajšim od 40 km

● vozila na plinski pogon (CNG/LNG/LPG)

C (zelena značka):

Dostop z nekaterimi časovnimi/območnimi omejitvami

● Bencinska vozila: Euro 4/5/6 (običajno od leta 2006 naprej)

● Dizelska vozila: Euro 6 (običajno od leta 2014 naprej)

B (rumena značka):

Vedno bolj omejeno, pogosto prepovedano v času prometnih konic

● Bencinska vozila: Euro 3 (običajno 2000-2005)

● Dizelska vozila: Euro 4-5 (običajno 2006-2013)

Brez značke:

Na splošno prepovedan dostop do vseh ZBE

● Bencinska vozila pod standardom Euro 3

● Dizelska vozila pod standardom Euro 4

Za bencinska vozila, ki ne izpolnjujejo standarda Euro 3, in dizelska vozila, ki ne izpolnjujejo standarda Euro 4, je vožnja po ZBE običajno prepovedana, čeprav se omejitve razlikujejo glede na mesto.

Pomembno je opozoriti, da se morajo tuja vozila pred vstopom v ZBE registrirati pri lokalnih mestnih občinah, tudi če izpolnjujejo enakovredne standarde Euro. Brez registracije se lahko skladna vozila samodejno kaznujejo, kar je postalo pogosta težava za mednarodne prevoznike, ki delujejo v Španiji.

Območja, na katera vplivajo ZBE

V Madridu in Barceloni že več let veljajo ZBE z zelo specifičnimi pravili in velikimi območji pokrivanja. Do konca leta 2025 se bo sistem razširil na 149 mest, vključno z manjšimi mesti in turističnimi destinacijami, kot so Benidorm, Valencia, Sevilla in Alicante.

Nekatera mesta še vedno uvajajo ali postopoma uveljavljajo svoja območja, pri čemer imajo vzpostavljena prehodna obdobja (npr. opozorila do konca leta 2025 v Valencii in Benidormu). Druga, kot je Málaga, bodo začela kaznovati vozila, ki ne izpolnjujejo zahtev, decembra 2025.

Opozoriti je treba, da imajo lahko mesta različna pravila, pri čemer nekatera dovoljujejo uporabo vozil, ki niso skladna z zahtevami, za bistvene storitve, zato je pomembno, da se pred napotitvijo vozila seznanite s pravili določenega mesta.

Španija ni edina: več kot 320 mest po vsej Evropi zdaj delujejo LEZs, s francoskim Crit'Air sistem, nemški Umweltzonen in UK je ULEZ med najbolj uveljavljenimi. Za čezmejne prevoznike to ustvarja mozaik pravil, nalepk in kazni, ki povečujejo tveganja in stroške usklajevanja.

Kaj morajo storiti upravljavci voznega parka

Zagotoviti morate, da imajo vaša vozila ustrezno oznako DGT ali registracijo, če so opremljena s tujimi oznakami.

Globe za neskladnost so običajno določene v višini 200 EUR na kršitev, čeprav se lahko razlikujejo glede na občino. Mesta, kot sta Madrid in Barcelona, so te kazni že začela izrekati prek sistemov za samodejno prepoznavanje registrskih tablic (ANPR).

Vprašanja za upravljavce voznega parka

Obnova flote in stroški

Številna logistična podjetja se soočajo z ovirami, ker je vožnja starejših dizelskih tovornjakov v mestih prepovedana ali omejena. Dejansko je povprečna starost tovornega voznega parka v Španiji 14 let. To pomeni, da precejšnje število vozil ni v skladu z zahtevami in jih je treba zamenjati, če želijo prevozniki vstopiti v ZBE.

Cene vozil še povečujejo pritisk: električni težki tovornjak je lahko trikrat dražji od dizelskega, tovornjaki na vodik pa so še dražji.

Špansko združenje za tovorni promet CETM-Madrid ocenjuje, da kumulativni izdatki madridskih podjetij za cestni tovorni promet znašajo približno 1,3 milijarde EUR (https://transporteprofesional.es/ultimas-noticias/cetm-madrid-reclama-modificar-el-calendario-de-acceso-a-las-zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-a-los-camiones), ter poziva k prilagoditvi rokov in večji podpori.

Časovno stiskanje

Podatki kažejo, da spremembe vplivajo na urnike dostave. Nedavna raziskava med podjetji na pilotnih območjih je pokazala, da jih je [36,7 % poročalo o daljših dobavnih rokih in višjih stroških pošiljanja] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089).

Zastoji so pogosti tudi v času omejene dostave (8-10 ur), ko se za dostop potegujejo številni prevozniki. Približno 83 % anketiranih podjetij je kot glavni vzrok za zamude navedlo tudi pomanjkanje ustreznih površin za nakladanje/razkladanje.

Ta učinek "časovne kompresije", ko so dostave prisiljene opraviti v manjšem številu ur, ustvarja ozka grla na mejah območij, kar povečuje verjetnost poznih prihodov in motenj v dobavnih verigah.

Kadrovski pritiski

Motnje v urniku presegajo načrtovanje poti vozil in zajemajo tudi upravljanje delovne sile. Barcelonski pristop k ZBE ponazarja ta izziv: mesto ponuja dveurne nočne dostavne slote (21:00-07:00) za zmanjšanje dnevnih zastojev, vendar španski delovni sporazumi določajo, da so dodatki za nočno delo približno 25-odstotni.

To upravljavce voznih parkov postavlja pred težko izbiro: ali se sprijazniti z zastoji in zamudami podnevi ali sprejeti višje stroške dela pri nočnih prevozih.

Okoljske koristi uvedbe ZBE

Kljub izzivom ZBE prinašajo jasne koristi za javno zdravje. Študije osrednje madridske cone LEZ so pokazale znatno zmanjšanje dušikovega dioksida (NO₂) v coni. Širše evropske raziskave kažejo, da so se emisije saj po uvedbi območij LEZ zmanjšale za 47 % in ultrafinih delcev za 56 %.

To zmanjšanje se neposredno odraža v boljši kakovosti zraka, manjšem številu bolezni dihal in manjšem številu hospitalizacij. Za prebivalce mest in voznike, ki ure in ure preživijo v prometnih zastojih, so koristi za zdravje oprijemljive, čeprav neprijetne.

Podpora voznikom in upravljavcem po vsej Evropi

"Območja z nizkimi emisijami bodo ostala," komentira Raqual Martinez, evropski vodja prodaje pri podjetju SNAP. "Izziv za našo skupnost je prilagajanje brez ogrožanja učinkovitosti ali dobrega počutja voznikov. V podjetju SNAP smo zavezani podpori voznim parkom v Španiji in po vsej Evropi, saj jim pomagamo spremeniti regulativne spremembe v operativno prednost."

Čeprav ne moremo spremeniti pravil LEZ, naša aplikacija intruck poenostavlja življenje na cesti. Vozniki jo lahko uporabljajo za iskanje in rezervacijo varnega parkirišča za tovornjake in pranje, preverite, katere zmogljivosti so na voljo na vsakem postanku, in načrtujte odmor za počitek, ki ustreza krajšim dostavnim oknom - ne glede na to, ali vozijo v Madrid, obidejo Barcelono ali prečkajo meje na daljših poteh.

Še danes prenesite aplikacijo intruck in si zagotovite nemoteno delovanje v spreminjajočem se španskem prometnem okolju.

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ponedeljek 08 december 2025 • Novice in posodobitve

TRENDI NA PODROČJU TOVORNJAKOV: NAPOVEDI ZA LETO 2026

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Major changes are coming for the mobility sector.The next 12 months will bring some of the most significant regulatory and technological shifts European transport has seen in years. New emissions rules, driver-monitoring systems, hydrogen trials and autonomous pilots will reshape how fleets operate across the UK and EU.For operators and professional drivers, understanding these changes now will make the difference between adapting confidently and struggling to keep up. come into force in 2026, introducing new requirements for fleets. Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide limits will tighten further, with the permitted particle size dropping from 23 nanometres to 10. In addition, for the first time.Every new truck sold will need to comply with Euro VII. While vehicle pricing is likely to be affected, the bigger impact will fall on procurement timelines, fleet renewal cycles and long-term decarbonisation.. These monitor eye and head movement to identify early signs of fatigue or inattention, enabling safer interventions and supporting accident-reduction goals across Europe. By 2029, new cab designs must minimise blind spots through improved glass visibility rather than camera reliance. This will particularly influence urban operations, vulnerable road user safety and future vehicle specification.. After years of exemption, this change effectively brings smaller commercial vehicles under full drivers’ hours enforcement.For operators with mixed fleets, this means introducing:● new driver cards● regular data downloads● updated monitoring processes● revised routing and rest-time planningThousands of vehicles that previously operated freely will need compliance systems in place almost immediately. requires companies with more than 250 employees or €40 million revenue to collect and report verified CO₂ emissions – including Scope 3 transport activity.This will cascade through supply chains. 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Although uptake remains modest when compared with battery-electric or hydrogen alternatives, the current regulatory push and infrastructure compatibility mean HVO is likely to gain traction in 2026.From spring 2026, in controlled zones – a full year ahead of plans. Enabled by the , this transition supports an industry expected to contribute £42 billion to the UK economy by 2035 and create an estimated 38,000 jobs. Germany is close behind. , supported by €20 million in seed funding. Across northern Europe, autonomous freight along the 1,200-km Rotterdam-Oslo corridor. The programme runs until March 2026 and examines how autonomous vehicles perform across borders, terrain types and logistics hubs.In Sweden, already move goods between warehouses, processing five million data points per second. Their controlled deployments demonstrate the potential for automation in predictable, repeatable routes.Despite this progress, humans will continue to play a central role. . 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Visit snapacc.com to discover how we can support your transition to 2026 and beyond.

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četrtek 04 december 2025 • Novice in posodobitve

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As the holiday season approaches, you are likely preparing for a surge in delivery demand and more complex operating conditions. This seasonal pressure overlaps with winter weather challenges, creating a unique risk environment for fleets across the UK. The festive period brings extra stress to your vehicles and operations. From consumer-driven surges in mileage to the impact of cold weather on vehicle performance, several seasonal factors converge at once. Understanding these pressures up-front helps you prepare proactively and minimise disruptions across your fleet.Consumer activity , which increases delivery volumes, compresses schedules and raises service expectations. This surge means that even minor disruptions can escalate quickly, as fleets have less flexibility to absorb delays. With more journeys scheduled and tighter handover times, vehicle downtime becomes more costly. A missed inspection or delayed repair can have a much larger operational impact than during other parts of the year.When peak consumer activity overlaps with hazardous weather, fleets experience amplified risk. Traffic congestion increases, road conditions deteriorate and minor mechanical problems can escalate into serious incidents more easily. To combat these issues, you must strengthen preventive maintenance, adjust schedules, and improve real-time monitoring to prevent avoidable breakdowns or delays.Cold temperatures, icy surfaces and reduced daylight all increase mechanical and on-road risks for commercial vehicles, raising the likelihood of weakened batteries, reduced tyre traction and visibility issues. UK roadworthiness standards emphasise the importance of more robust winter maintenance for brakes, lighting, fluids and tyres as conditions deteriorate, reinforcing why winter readiness is essential for uninterrupted fleet operations. Even mild cold , making proactive winter maintenance crucial.Beyond vehicle strain, the holiday season and winter conditions also place pressure on drivers and operational workflows. Increased traffic, unpredictable weather and tighter delivery windows can lead to fatigue, stress and an increased risk of accidents. Careful scheduling, clear communication and proactive support for drivers are essential to maintain safety and ensure that your fleet continues to operate efficiently under these seasonal pressures.Maintaining steady operations during the festive rush requires more than reactive problem-solving. It necessitates deliberate planning across vehicle maintenance, driver readiness, technology utilisation and operational coordination. 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torek 25 november 2025 • Novice in posodobitve

POLJSKA POSPEŠUJE PREHOD NA PREVOZ BREZ EMISIJ

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Poland’s transportation sector is undergoing a major transformation. In recent months, the government has introduced a series of high-value funding programmes aimed at decarbonising the country’s road network and logistics operations. Much of this activity focuses on infrastructure related to heavy-duty vehicles – a sign that the transition to cleaner freight is being embraced across Europe.The scale of investment – and the speed at which it's happening – will be important for operators, managers and infrastructure planners right across Europe. To understand why, it helps to look at both the wider European context and the specific funding available in Poland.The move towards lowand zero-emission transport has been gathering pace across Europe for several years. The EU’s package and to cut emissions from heavy-duty vehicles by 45% by 2030 and by 90% by 2040. The (AFIR) also states that there must be high-power charging points for heavy vehicles every 60 kilometres along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) – a system of European roads, railways, ports and airports that forms the backbone of continental freight – by 2030. Hydrogen refuelling stations must be available every 200 kilometres.The UK is following a similar path. Z are being used to test electric and hydrogen HGVs on long-haul routes, while funding is being allocated to depot charging and refuelling infrastructure.Against this backdrop, Poland’s programme shows that Central and Eastern Europe are ready to take a leading role in building cleaner, better-connected transportation.In March 2025, Poland’s (NFOŚiGW) launched two major funding calls worth a combined PLN 2 billion. The first will cover the construction and expansion of power grids that supply high-capacity charging stations, especially those on the TEN-T. It covers both grid expansion and the installation of new connections. This will mean that the network can deliver the energy needed for rapid truck charging. Energy and grid operators can apply for grants if their projects meet minimum power thresholds. The second funding call supports the construction of heavy-vehicle charging stations themselves. The aim is to create 550 publicly accessible points across the country, serving both electric and hydrogen trucks. A final programme, which launched in Q2 2025, gives grants and loans to businesses so they can buy or lease zero-emission trucks in categories N2 and N3. Category N2 covers vehicles with a gross weight between 3.5 and 12 tonnes, while N3 applies to trucks over 12 tonnes. Funding levels range from 30 to 60 per cent, depending on company size. Upper limits of PLN 400,000 apply to N2 vehicles and PLN 750,000 to N3 models. Applications will be , so operators can plan their transition to zero-emission vehicles. 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The Deputy Minister for Climate and Environment described the programme as a way to strengthen “the competitiveness of Polish freight operators” while cutting emissions from one of the country’s largest economic sectors.Poland’s domestic network is also part of the wider . A total of nine EU countries – including Poland – committed in September 2025 to accelerate charging infrastructure deployment along key freight routes, such as the North Sea-Baltic and Scandinavian-Mediterranean corridors of the TEN-T.For fleets that operate across Europe, the initiative means charging infrastructure will become more standardised and predictable between countries. This will help drivers plan cross-border routes with greater confidence while supporting the shift towards zero-emission freight.For fleet operators, the timing is encouraging. Zero-emission trucks are rapidly , with sales of nearly 2,000 zero-emission heavy-duty electric trucks registered in the first half of 2025 across the EU. There are challenges, however. Adding high-power charging capacity will mean that grid operators, local authorities and logistics centres have to cooperate. It will also take time to hire technicians with the skills to install and maintain high-voltage equipment.In addition, vehicle costs and operational factors could also slow progress. Even with generous subsidies, businesses must weigh the cost of electric vehicle ownership, route patterns and depot readiness.For the road transport community, Poland’s programme is a significant milestone. Once complete, its charging and refuelling network will connect eastern and western Europe, supporting cleaner and more efficient freight movement.“This is a turning point for heavy transport,” says Nick Renton, Head of European Strategy and Business Development at SNAP. “Poland’s actions show that zero-emission freight is becoming part of daily life, rather than a long-term vision. As charging and refuelling points multiply, operators will be able to schedule cleaner journeys with confidence.”As the situation develops, we will continue to support fleets across Europe with technology, insight and practical tools for drivers. Our helps identify and book rest stops, refuelling points and secure parking, with more zero-emission facilities being added as new sites open. For operators looking to stay ahead of infrastructure changes, it provides a clear view of how the road network is evolving – and where new opportunities are emerging.