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Notícias e actualizações • 4 min ler

Zonas de baixas emissões em Espanha: O que os operadores de frotas precisam de saber

Criado: 03/10/2025

Atualizado: 08/10/2025

Até ao final de 2025, 149 cidades espanholas - de Madrid e Barcelona a centros turísticos como Valência, Alicante e Benidorm - irão restringir o acesso de veículos com emissões elevadas. Para os operadores de frotas, isto significa novos riscos de conformidade, actualizações dispendiosas e prazos de entrega mais apertados.

As zonas de baixas emissões de Espanha (Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, ou ZBEs) fazem parte de um esforço europeu mais vasto para melhorar a qualidade do ar e reduzir as emissões dos transportes. Estas zonas já funcionam nas principais cidades do país e são aplicadas com coimas que podem ir até 200 euros, variando as regras de cidade para cidade.

Neste guia, explicamos como funcionam os ZBE, que categorias de veículos são afectadas e o que os operadores devem fazer para manter as suas frotas na estrada.

Regras da ZBE e categorias de veículos

As ZBE estão a ser introduzidas ao abrigo da legislação espanhola nas cidades com mais de [50 000 habitantes] (https://transporteprofesional.es/noticias-actualidad-transporte-logistica/transporte-de-mercancias/zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-impacto-y-desafios-para-el-transporte-profesional) (e nas cidades com mais de 20 000 habitantes com uma qualidade do ar particularmente má), a fim de melhorar a qualidade do ar urbano e apoiar os objectivos climáticos da UE.

O acesso a uma ZBE é determinado pelo distintivo ambiental (distintivo ambiental) do veículo, emitido pela Direção-Geral de Viação (DGT) espanhola.

As categorias são:

Zero (Crachá azul):

Acesso total

Veículos 100% eléctricos (BEV)

Veículos a pilhas de combustível de hidrogénio (FCEV)

Híbridos plug-in com, pelo menos, 40 km de autonomia eléctrica

Eco (distintivo verde/azul):

Acesso geralmente sem restrições

Híbridos normais (HEV)

Híbridos plug-in com menos de 40 km de autonomia eléctrica

Veículos a gás (GNC/GNL/GPL)

C (Distintivo verde):

Acesso com algumas restrições de tempo/área

Veículos a gasolina: Euro 4/5/6 (normalmente a partir de 2006)

Veículos a gasóleo: Euro 6 (normalmente a partir de 2014)

B (Distintivo amarelo):

Cada vez mais restrito, frequentemente barrado durante as horas de ponta

Veículos a gasolina: Euro 3 (tipicamente 2000-2005)

Veículos a gasóleo: Euro 4-5 (normalmente 2006-2013)

Sem distintivo:

Geralmente banido de todos os ZBEs

Veículos a gasolina abaixo das normas Euro 3

Veículos a gasóleo abaixo das normas Euro 4

Os veículos a gasolina abaixo da norma Euro 3 e os veículos a gasóleo abaixo da norma Euro 4 são normalmente proibidos de entrar nas ZBE, embora as restrições variem consoante a cidade.

É importante notar que os veículos estrangeiros devem registar-se junto das câmaras municipais locais antes de entrarem numa ZBE, mesmo que cumpram normas Euro equivalentes. Sem registo, os veículos conformes podem ser objeto de multas automáticas, o que se tornou um problema comum para os transportadores internacionais que operam em Espanha.

Zonas afectadas pelas ZBE

Madrid e Barcelona têm ZBEs em vigor há vários anos, com regras muito específicas e grandes áreas de cobertura. Até ao final de 2025, o sistema será alargado a 149 cidades, incluindo cidades mais pequenas e destinos turísticos como Benidorm, Valência, Sevilha e Alicante.

Algumas cidades ainda estão a implementar ou a aplicar gradualmente as suas zonas, com períodos de transição (por exemplo, avisos até ao final de 2025 em Valência e Benidorm). Outras, como [Málaga] (https://cadenaser.com/andalucia/2025/09/18/malaga-sancionara-en-la-zona-de-bajas-emisiones-a-partir-del-uno-de-diciembre-ser-malaga/), começarão a multar os veículos não conformes a partir de dezembro de 2025.

É de notar que as cidades podem ter regras diferentes, sendo que algumas permitem veículos não conformes para serviços essenciais, pelo que é importante conhecer as regras de uma cidade específica antes de enviar um veículo.

A Espanha não é a única: mais de 320 cidades em toda a Europa operam atualmente LEZs, com o sistema francês Crit'Air, o alemão Umweltzonen e o britânico ULEZ entre os mais estabelecidos. Para os transportadores transfronteiriços, isto cria uma manta de retalhos de regras, autocolantes e sanções que aumentam os riscos e os custos de conformidade.

O que os operadores de frotas devem fazer

Deve assegurar que os seus veículos exibem o distintivo da DGT ou o registo adequado, se tiverem placas estrangeiras.

As coimas por incumprimento são normalmente fixadas em [200 euros por infração] (https://www.sertrans.es/zonas-de-bajas-emisiones/), embora possam variar consoante o município. Cidades como Madrid e Barcelona já começaram a aplicar estas sanções através de sistemas de reconhecimento automático de matrículas (ANPR).

Questões para os gestores de frotas

Renovação da frota e custos

Muitas empresas de logística enfrentam obstáculos porque os camiões a diesel mais antigos estão agora proibidos ou restringidos nas cidades. De facto, [a idade média da frota de transporte de mercadorias em Espanha é de 14 anos] (https://www.acea.auto/figure/average-age-of-eu-vehicle-fleet-by-country/). Isto significa que um número significativo de veículos não está em conformidade e tem de ser substituído se os transportadores quiserem entrar nas ZBEs.

Os preços dos veículos estão a aumentar a pressão: um [camião pesado elétrico pode custar três vezes mais do que um equivalente a diesel] (https://ekoenergetyka.com/blog/electric-vs-traditional-trucks-a-cost-of-ownership-comparison/#:~:text=Economic%20Competitiveness%20of%20Electric%20Trucks,cheaper%20in%20the%20long%20run:), enquanto os [camiões a hidrogénio] (https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/is-natural-gas-a-competitive-truck-fuel/#:~:text=Hydrogen%20trucks%20have%20been%20proposed,and%20Hydrogen%20%E2%80%94%20across%2035%20variables.) são ainda mais caros.

A CETM-Madrid, a Confederação Espanhola do Transporte de Mercadorias, calcula que as despesas acumuladas das empresas de transporte rodoviário de mercadorias sediadas em Madrid rondam os 1,3 mil milhões de euros (https://transporteprofesional.es/ultimas-noticias/cetm-madrid-reclama-modificar-el-calendario-de-acceso-a-las-zonas-de-bajas-emisiones-a-los-camiones) e apela a um ajustamento dos prazos e a mais apoios.

Compressão do tempo

Os dados mostram que as alterações estão a ter um impacto nos prazos de entrega. Um inquérito recente a empresas em zonas-piloto revelou que [36,7% referiram prazos de entrega mais longos e custos de envio mais elevados] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089).

O congestionamento é também comum durante as janelas de entrega restritas (8-10h), quando muitos operadores competem pelo acesso. Cerca de [83% das empresas inquiridas] (https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/6902/1089) também referiram a falta de áreas de carga/descarga adequadas como um dos principais factores que contribuem para os atrasos.

Este efeito de "compressão do tempo" - em que as entregas são obrigadas a ser efectuadas em menos horas - cria estrangulamentos nos perímetros das zonas, aumentando a probabilidade de chegadas tardias e de perturbações nas cadeias de abastecimento.

Pressões sobre o pessoal

A perturbação dos horários vai para além do encaminhamento dos veículos e da gestão da força de trabalho. A abordagem de Barcelona às ZBEs ilustra o desafio: a cidade oferece duas horas de entrega nocturna (21:00-07:00) para reduzir o congestionamento diurno, mas os acordos laborais espanhóis estabelecem que o pagamento do trabalho noturno tem prémios de aproximadamente 25%.

Esta situação cria uma escolha difícil para os operadores de frotas: aceitar o congestionamento e os atrasos durante o dia ou absorver os aumentos dos custos de mão de obra para as operações nocturnas.

Os benefícios ambientais da introdução de ZBEs

Apesar dos desafios, as ZBEs proporcionam ganhos claros em termos de saúde pública. Estudos da LEZ Central de Madrid registaram reduções significativas de dióxido de azoto (NO₂) dentro da zona. Pesquisas europeias mais amplas mostram que as emissões de fuligem caem até [47% e partículas ultrafinas em 56% após a implantação de LEZ] (https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/low-emission-zones-main/impact-of-low-emission-zones).

Estas reduções traduzem-se diretamente em melhor qualidade do ar, menos doenças respiratórias e menos internamentos hospitalares. Para os residentes urbanos - e para os condutores que passam horas no trânsito congestionado - os benefícios para a saúde são tangíveis, embora inconvenientes.

Apoiar os condutores e operadores em toda a Europa

"As zonas de baixas emissões vieram para ficar", comenta Raqual Martinez, Diretor de Vendas Europeu da SNAP. "O desafio para a nossa comunidade é adaptar-se sem comprometer a eficiência ou o bem-estar dos condutores. Na SNAP, estamos empenhados em apoiar as frotas em Espanha e em toda a Europa, ajudando-as a transformar as alterações regulamentares em vantagens operacionais."

Embora não possamos alterar as regras LEZ, a nossa aplicação intruck torna a vida na estrada mais simples. Os condutores podem utilizá-la para encontrar e reservar estacionamento seguro para camiões e lavagens, ver que instalações estão disponíveis em cada paragem e planear pausas para descanso que se ajustem a janelas de entrega mais apertadas - quer estejam a entrar em Madrid, a contornar Barcelona ou a atravessar fronteiras em rotas mais longas.

Descarregue hoje mesmo a [aplicação intruck] (https://intruckapp.com/download/) para facilitar as operações no panorama dos transportes em Espanha, que está em constante evolução.

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segunda-feira 08 dezembro 2025 • Notícias e actualizações

TENDÊNCIAS DOS CAMIÕES: PREVISÕES PARA 2026

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Major changes are coming for the mobility sector.The next 12 months will bring some of the most significant regulatory and technological shifts European transport has seen in years. New emissions rules, driver-monitoring systems, hydrogen trials and autonomous pilots will reshape how fleets operate across the UK and EU.For operators and professional drivers, understanding these changes now will make the difference between adapting confidently and struggling to keep up. come into force in 2026, introducing new requirements for fleets. Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide limits will tighten further, with the permitted particle size dropping from 23 nanometres to 10. In addition, for the first time.Every new truck sold will need to comply with Euro VII. While vehicle pricing is likely to be affected, the bigger impact will fall on procurement timelines, fleet renewal cycles and long-term decarbonisation.. 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Smaller hauliers without reliable emissions reporting risk losing access to larger contracts, accelerating the push toward better data systems and standardised reporting.Electric HGV production will rise rapidly in 2026. are all expanding manufacturing capacity.To support this, electric charging is also expanding. , as part of HyHAUL's M4 corridor project. Three refuelling stations, each supplying up to two tonnes of hydrogen daily, support the pilot. If successful, the project aims for 30 trucks on the road by the end of 2026 and 300 by 2030. Alongside this, . Five more will follow by 2027.Vehicle manufacturers are taking different approaches to developing hydrogen-fuelled trucks: ● and DAF are planning similar systems. ● will introduce its next-generation hydrogen fuel cell stack in 2026 with improved durability and lower operating costs.Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is emerging as a notable transitional fuel for haulage in 2026, thanks to two factors: stricter biofuel mandates in north-western Europe and its compatibility with existing diesel engines. Reports by confirm that HVO is a “drop-in” fuel: it can be used in many existing heavy-duty vehicles without engine or infrastructure changes, which gives operators a practical pathway to immediate CO₂ reductions. Meanwhile, forecast that HVO consumption could reach record highs in 2026. Germany alone may need an additional 1.5 million tonnes – almost four times 2025 levels – to meet demand. Although uptake remains modest when compared with battery-electric or hydrogen alternatives, the current regulatory push and infrastructure compatibility mean HVO is likely to gain traction in 2026.From spring 2026, in controlled zones – a full year ahead of plans. Enabled by the , this transition supports an industry expected to contribute £42 billion to the UK economy by 2035 and create an estimated 38,000 jobs. Germany is close behind. , supported by €20 million in seed funding. Across northern Europe, autonomous freight along the 1,200-km Rotterdam-Oslo corridor. The programme runs until March 2026 and examines how autonomous vehicles perform across borders, terrain types and logistics hubs.In Sweden, already move goods between warehouses, processing five million data points per second. Their controlled deployments demonstrate the potential for automation in predictable, repeatable routes.Despite this progress, humans will continue to play a central role. . 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Visit snapacc.com to discover how we can support your transition to 2026 and beyond.

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quinta-feira 04 dezembro 2025 • Notícias e actualizações

MANTENHA A SUA FROTA A FUNCIONAR SEM PROBLEMAS DURANTE A ÉPOCA FESTIVA

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As the holiday season approaches, you are likely preparing for a surge in delivery demand and more complex operating conditions. This seasonal pressure overlaps with winter weather challenges, creating a unique risk environment for fleets across the UK. The festive period brings extra stress to your vehicles and operations. From consumer-driven surges in mileage to the impact of cold weather on vehicle performance, several seasonal factors converge at once. Understanding these pressures up-front helps you prepare proactively and minimise disruptions across your fleet.Consumer activity , which increases delivery volumes, compresses schedules and raises service expectations. This surge means that even minor disruptions can escalate quickly, as fleets have less flexibility to absorb delays. With more journeys scheduled and tighter handover times, vehicle downtime becomes more costly. A missed inspection or delayed repair can have a much larger operational impact than during other parts of the year.When peak consumer activity overlaps with hazardous weather, fleets experience amplified risk. Traffic congestion increases, road conditions deteriorate and minor mechanical problems can escalate into serious incidents more easily. To combat these issues, you must strengthen preventive maintenance, adjust schedules, and improve real-time monitoring to prevent avoidable breakdowns or delays.Cold temperatures, icy surfaces and reduced daylight all increase mechanical and on-road risks for commercial vehicles, raising the likelihood of weakened batteries, reduced tyre traction and visibility issues. UK roadworthiness standards emphasise the importance of more robust winter maintenance for brakes, lighting, fluids and tyres as conditions deteriorate, reinforcing why winter readiness is essential for uninterrupted fleet operations. Even mild cold , making proactive winter maintenance crucial.Beyond vehicle strain, the holiday season and winter conditions also place pressure on drivers and operational workflows. Increased traffic, unpredictable weather and tighter delivery windows can lead to fatigue, stress and an increased risk of accidents. Careful scheduling, clear communication and proactive support for drivers are essential to maintain safety and ensure that your fleet continues to operate efficiently under these seasonal pressures.Maintaining steady operations during the festive rush requires more than reactive problem-solving. It necessitates deliberate planning across vehicle maintenance, driver readiness, technology utilisation and operational coordination. 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terça-feira 25 novembro 2025 • Notícias e actualizações

A POLÓNIA ACELERA A TRANSIÇÃO PARA O TRANSPORTE COM EMISSÕES ZERO

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Poland’s transportation sector is undergoing a major transformation. In recent months, the government has introduced a series of high-value funding programmes aimed at decarbonising the country’s road network and logistics operations. Much of this activity focuses on infrastructure related to heavy-duty vehicles – a sign that the transition to cleaner freight is being embraced across Europe.The scale of investment – and the speed at which it's happening – will be important for operators, managers and infrastructure planners right across Europe. To understand why, it helps to look at both the wider European context and the specific funding available in Poland.The move towards lowand zero-emission transport has been gathering pace across Europe for several years. The EU’s package and to cut emissions from heavy-duty vehicles by 45% by 2030 and by 90% by 2040. The (AFIR) also states that there must be high-power charging points for heavy vehicles every 60 kilometres along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) – a system of European roads, railways, ports and airports that forms the backbone of continental freight – by 2030. Hydrogen refuelling stations must be available every 200 kilometres.The UK is following a similar path. Z are being used to test electric and hydrogen HGVs on long-haul routes, while funding is being allocated to depot charging and refuelling infrastructure.Against this backdrop, Poland’s programme shows that Central and Eastern Europe are ready to take a leading role in building cleaner, better-connected transportation.In March 2025, Poland’s (NFOŚiGW) launched two major funding calls worth a combined PLN 2 billion. The first will cover the construction and expansion of power grids that supply high-capacity charging stations, especially those on the TEN-T. 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These investments sit alongside Poland’s existing programme, which subsidises electric car purchases for individuals and companies, further extending the country’s sustainable transport strategy beyond passenger vehicles.According to the , Poland transports more goods by road than any other EU country. It is a natural gateway between Western Europe and the Baltic States, Ukraine and the Balkans, which means a reliable zero-emission infrastructure in Poland will have a Europe-wide impact.By setting clear power requirements and aligning projects with the TEN-T corridors, the government is ensuring a coordinated approach rather than isolated projects. The goal is a dependable network where electric and hydrogen trucks can move freely along key trade routes. The Deputy Minister for Climate and Environment described the programme as a way to strengthen “the competitiveness of Polish freight operators” while cutting emissions from one of the country’s largest economic sectors.Poland’s domestic network is also part of the wider . A total of nine EU countries – including Poland – committed in September 2025 to accelerate charging infrastructure deployment along key freight routes, such as the North Sea-Baltic and Scandinavian-Mediterranean corridors of the TEN-T.For fleets that operate across Europe, the initiative means charging infrastructure will become more standardised and predictable between countries. This will help drivers plan cross-border routes with greater confidence while supporting the shift towards zero-emission freight.For fleet operators, the timing is encouraging. Zero-emission trucks are rapidly , with sales of nearly 2,000 zero-emission heavy-duty electric trucks registered in the first half of 2025 across the EU. There are challenges, however. Adding high-power charging capacity will mean that grid operators, local authorities and logistics centres have to cooperate. It will also take time to hire technicians with the skills to install and maintain high-voltage equipment.In addition, vehicle costs and operational factors could also slow progress. Even with generous subsidies, businesses must weigh the cost of electric vehicle ownership, route patterns and depot readiness.For the road transport community, Poland’s programme is a significant milestone. Once complete, its charging and refuelling network will connect eastern and western Europe, supporting cleaner and more efficient freight movement.“This is a turning point for heavy transport,” says Nick Renton, Head of European Strategy and Business Development at SNAP. “Poland’s actions show that zero-emission freight is becoming part of daily life, rather than a long-term vision. As charging and refuelling points multiply, operators will be able to schedule cleaner journeys with confidence.”As the situation develops, we will continue to support fleets across Europe with technology, insight and practical tools for drivers. Our helps identify and book rest stops, refuelling points and secure parking, with more zero-emission facilities being added as new sites open. For operators looking to stay ahead of infrastructure changes, it provides a clear view of how the road network is evolving – and where new opportunities are emerging.