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Novice in posodobitve • 4 min branja

Kako podnebne spremembe vplivajo na sektor mobilnosti

Ustvarjeno: 21. 07. 2025

Posodobljeno: 21. 07. 2025

Podnebne spremembe niso več oddaljeno tveganje. Za tiste, ki delajo v cestnem prometu, je to vsakodnevna realnost, ki jo je iz leta v leto težje ignorirati. Od vročinskih valov, ki topijo asfalt, do poplav, ki prekinejo glavne prometne poti, vpliv spreminjajočega se podnebja je vgrajen v dejavnost prevoza blaga.

Za upravljavce voznega parka to pomeni, da se morajo spoprijeti s spreminjajočimi se predpisi, posodobiti infrastrukturo in ponovno razmisliti o načrtovanju neprekinjenega delovanja. Za voznike to pomeni prilagajanje novim tveganjem na cesti - od preluknjanih pnevmatik do motenj pri dostavi. Za celoten sektor pa to pomeni, da je potreben bolj odporen in podnebno osveščen pristop k mobilnosti.

Vremenske motnje so operativna grožnja

Julija 2022 je bilo v Združenem kraljestvu najtoplejši dan v zgodovini. Ko so se temperature povzpele na 40 ℃, so se ceste začele mehčati, odseki A14 pa so bili zaradi degradacije površine zaprti. Upravljavci voznih parkov so bili prisiljeni preusmeriti dostavo, včasih v kratkem času, medtem ko je temperatura motorjev narasla in vozila so imela težave z ohranjanjem zmogljivosti.

Istega leta je močan veter nevihta Eunice povzročil obsežno škodo na tovornih koridorjih v zahodni Evropi, prevračal vozila z visokimi stranicami in poškodoval temperaturno občutljiv tovor. Medtem je januarja 2024 neurje Henk poplavilo obsežna območja osrednje Anglije. Ključne poti v Midlandsu so bile neprevozne in nekateri vozniki so obtičali več ur.

To niso osamljeni dogodki. To so znaki prometnega sistema, ki je vse bolj ranljiv za podnebne grožnje. Cestne površine, sestavni deli vozil in logistična omrežja so na preizkušnji zaradi spreminjajočih se razmer, posledice pa se čutijo v celotni dobavni verigi.

Motnje v dobavnih verigah

Ko gre za motnje, povezane s podnebjem, se učinki ne kažejo le na posameznih poteh. Prizadete so celotne dobavne verige - včasih brez posebnega opozorila. Na Nizozemskem zaradi naraščajoče gladine morja in močnejših padavin oblasti in podjetja ponovno ocenjujejo odpornost kritične logistične infrastrukture, zlasti na nizko ležečih industrijskih območjih.

Pristanišče Rotterdam - največje evropsko morsko pristanišče - je sprejelo aktivne ukrepe za prilagoditev podnebnim tveganjem, saj je okrepilo obalne zidove, dvignilo dostopne ceste in nadgradilo sisteme za odvajanje padavinske vode, da bi se zaščitilo pred poplavami. Pod drobnogledom so tudi celinska logistična središča, saj so ekstremne vremenske razmere razkrile ranljivosti dostopnih poti in odvodnjavanja.

Inovacije v prometu

Tehnologija voznega parka se hitro izboljšuje, zlasti na področju elektrifikacije in pametne diagnostike. Toda podnebne spremembe povzročajo nove obremenitve tudi za najnaprednejša vozila. V hladnem vremenu se lahko učinkovitost baterije zmanjša do 20 %, kar zmanjšuje dejanski doseg električnih dostavnih vozil. Medtem visoke temperature pospešujejo razgradnjo pnevmatik in dodatno obremenjujejo hladilne sisteme vozil.

Za reševanje teh težav nekateri upravljavci vlagajo v sisteme napovednega vzdrževanja, ki s pomočjo telematike predvidevajo obrabo in načrtujejo popravila, preden pride do dragih okvar. Drugi nadgrajujejo sisteme za udobje v kabini, da bi zaščitili dobro počutje voznika v obdobjih hude vročine ali mraza. Te spremembe so povezane z začetnimi naložbami, vendar se lahko obrestujejo v času obratovanja, varnosti in zadržanju voznikov.

Naraščajoča podnebna tveganja spreminjajo tudi zavarovalništvo. Nekatere zavarovalnice se na vse pogostejše zahtevke zaradi izrednih vremenskih razmer odzivajo tako, da zvišujejo premije in zaostrujejo izključitve. Zlasti zavarovanja za prekinitev poslovanja so pod večjim nadzorom, zlasti kadar so dobavne verige izpostavljene ponovnim motnjam. Čeprav zavarovanje tovora še vedno pride v poštev, pa vse police ne krijejo zamud zaradi podnebnih dogodkov, kot so poplave ali močni vetrovi.

Upravljavci voznega parka morajo pregledati svoje zavarovanje glede na ta nova tveganja. To pomeni, da je treba preveriti izključitve, oceniti, kako so opredeljeni dogodki, povezani s podnebjem, in zagotoviti, da so kritične vrzeli, kot so izpadi zaradi cestnih zapor, ustrezno obravnavane. V nekaterih primerih lahko k ugodnejšim pogojem pripomore tudi proaktivni pristop k obvladovanju tveganj, blaženju posledic poplav in usposabljanju voznikov.

Regulativno okolje

Medtem ko so fizični vplivi podnebnih sprememb že vidni, pa regulativni premiki za upravljavce pomenijo še eno stopnjo zapletenosti. V Združenem kraljestvu in Evropi se hitro širijo območja z nizkimi emisijami, kar postavlja nove zahteve glede sestave voznega parka in skladnosti. V Londonu se še naprej širi območje zelo nizkih emisij (ULEZ), mesta, kot sta Birmingham in Oxford, pa so uvedla svoje različice.

Na evropski ravni sta svežnja Green Deal in Fit for 55 določila ambiciozne cilje za razogljičenje. Upravljavci voznih parkov so spodbujeni - in vse bolj obvezani - k prehodu na čistejša goriva in tehnologije. Od zahtev za elektrifikacijo do pravil o preglednosti dobavne verige - upravljavci se zdaj soočajo z novimi izhodišči za sprejemljivo poslovno prakso.

Za tiste, ki upravljajo vozne parke, te spremembe predstavljajo tako logistični izziv kot strateško priložnost. Trajnostni pristop ne pomeni le izogibanja kaznim, temveč tudi zagotavljanje prihodnosti in prilagajanje spreminjajočim se pričakovanjem strank.

Izgradnja odpornih operacij

Prilagajanje se ne zgodi čez noč, vendar imajo lahko postopne spremembe pomemben vpliv. Nekateri upravljavci zdaj izvajajo ocene podnebnih tveganj v svojih voznih parkih ter ugotavljajo, katera sredstva in poti so najbolj izpostavljeni motnjam. Drugi voznikom ponujajo posodobljeno usposabljanje za izboljšanje varnosti in odločanja med ekstremnimi vremenskimi dogodki.

Spreminja se tudi izbira goriva. Prevozniki, ki iščejo nizkoogljične alternative, se odločajo za HVO - hidrogenirano rastlinsko olje - alternativo dizelskemu gorivu, ki zmanjšuje emisije, ne da bi za to potrebovali novo infrastrukturo. Tisti, ki vlagajo v programsko opremo za optimizacijo obremenitve, pa ne vidijo koristi le v varčnosti goriva, temveč tudi v zmanjšanju emisij, ki podpirajo cilje skladnosti.

Ni več dvoma, da podnebne spremembe določajo prihodnost cestnega prometa, vendar ne čez desetletja, temveč že zdaj. Izziv za upravljavce je, da preidejo od reaktivnega načina razmišljanja k bolj strateškemu in dolgoročnemu načinu razmišljanja. To pomeni razumevanje tveganj, zgodnje ukrepanje in zavedanje, da odpornost hitro postaja vir konkurenčne prednosti.

"Operaterji voznih parkov v Združenem kraljestvu in Evropi nam pravijo isto," pravi Nick Renton, vodja evropske strategije in poslovnega razvoja pri družbi SNAP. "Podnebne motnje niso prihodnja nevarnost - so že tu in vplivajo na vse, od skladiščenja in načrtovanja poti do dobrega počutja voznikov. Vozni parki, ki bodo uspešni, bodo tisti, ki bodo odpornost na podnebne spremembe obravnavali kot poslovno strategijo in ne le kot odziv na izredne razmere.

"To je pomembno, ker so stroški neukrepanja vse višji - ne le finančno, temveč tudi z vidika zamujenih pošiljk, izpadov poslovanja in dobrega počutja voznikov na cesti. Če želimo ohraniti pretok blaga in rast podjetij, moramo to odpornost začeti zagotavljati že zdaj."

V podjetju SNAP tesno sodelujemo z voznimi parki v Združenem kraljestvu in Evropi, da bi jim pomagali obvladati to novo realnost. Ne glede na to, ali gre za spoznanja, partnerstva ali pametnejša orodja za delovanje na cesti, smo tu, da podpremo tiste, ki ohranjajo kolesa v pogonu - ne glede na vreme. Prijavite se še danes in izkoristite naše rešitve za upravljanje voznih parkov.

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